Automobile gasohol

Ethanol has a lot of uses fuel, solvent, antifreeze agent, and mood-modifying substance for people. Automobiles, if suitably modified, can run on pure ethanol or, more commonly, on ethanol mixed with gasoline. In the United States gasohol is typically 10% ethanol/90% gasoline. Less conunon is E-85, which, as the name implies, is 85% ethanol. 

The predominant method of ethanol manufacture, at one time, was by fermentation of sugars this method went out of use in the 1930s. However, com fermentation is now a source of 92% of all ethanol and is used for gasohol, a 10% alcohol 90% gasoline blend used for automobile fuel. 

The fermentation process (Fig. 2) is in use again to produce ethyl alcohol for use in gasohol, an automobile fuel that is a simple mixture of 90% gasoline and 10% alcohol claimed to increase mileage. 

Ethanol, like methanol, can be burned in the internal combustion engines of automobiles and is now commonly added to gasoline to form gasohol (see Section 9.8). It is also used in industry as a solvent and for the preparation of acetic acid. The commercial production of ethanol (500,000 tons per year in the United States) is carried out by reaction of water with ethylene ... 

PEN exhibits a very rapid crystallization rate and its Tg is difficult to detect by simply heating the quenched sample. Since the crystallization rate of PEN is much faster than that of PET, its processing cycle time can be shortened. Eecause of its facile processability, PEN can be molded by either injection or extrusion into electrical, electronic, and machine parts. PEN exhibits excellent mechanical strength, heat resistance, dimensional stability, resistance to chemical, acid and alkaline and impermeability to gasoline and gasohol. Therefore, it is particularly suited for making into automobile parts that come in contact with fuel, oil, and combustion gas. In addition, fiber reinforced PEN for high temperature and humidity circumstances has been reported. ... 

Alcohols are sometimes used today as alternative fuels and as octane enhancers in fuel for automobiles. Ethanol is combined with gasoline, for example, in a one-to-nine ratio to produce gasohol. Some experts have promoted the use of gasohol as a fuel for automobiles because it burns more cleanly and efficiently. However, there are also disadvantages. The combustion of ethanol produces only about 60% as much energy per gram as the combustion of gasoline does. The presence of ethanol also causes increased water absorption in the fuel. 

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