Automobile electric cars

New vehicles, propulsion systems, and fuels are on the horizon hybrid automobiles (combining an electric motor, batteries, and a gasoline or diesel engine), better electric cars, greater use of compressed natural gas (CNG) and propane for urban fleet vehi-... 

As mentioned earlier, separation of C02 at concentrated sources is easier than from the environment, and carbon capture at upstream decarbonizes many subsequent economic sectors. However, it does require significant changes in the existing infrastructure of power and chemical plants. Furthermore, approximately half of all emissions arise from small, distributed sources. Many of these emitters are vehicles for which onboard capture is not practical. Thus, unless all the existing automobiles are replaced by either hydrogen-powered fuel cell cars or electric cars, the capture of C02 from the air provides another alternative for small mobile emitters. 

By 1926, there were more than 8 million automobiles in America along with a new coast-to-coast federal highway (U.S. Route 40). By then the electric car had lost most of its support. 

Detroit s electric cars have a shaky history since the market can change rapidly in the automobile industry, which is dependent on long lead times for new models. In 1975, when memories of the oil embargo were fresh, Detroit s cars were still growing in size, but it was a record sales year for the Volkswagen Beetle and sales of Toyotas and Hondas reached 100,000 that year. GM s profits dropped 35% and the company had to temporarily close 15 of its 22 assembly plants. 

The importance of lowering automobile emissions has already resulted in changes in car manufacturing. Electric cars, which were popular 100 years ago but fell by the wayside because they could not keep up with gasoline-powered cars, are making a comeback. Although battery-powered vehicles are useful for short, slow trips aroimd a crowded campus, for instance, they continue to be plagued by limited speeds and durations. Automobile manufacturers have alleviated these problems by com-... 

Even these ideas (which have been in the open literature since 1993) did not tempt U.S. automotive makers to switch to fuel cells as the power source for electric cars. The lead was finally taken by Daimler-Benz, in Germany, the first manufacturers of passenger automobiles with internal combustion engines in the world. In 1996 this company demonstrated fuel cell-driven passenger cars with methanol as the originating liquid to be taken on board and re-formed to hydrogen. This fuel is then used in fuel cells to power the cars electric motors.14... 

Nicad batteries are used in a large variety of appliances, including compact disc players, cell phones, pocket recorders, handheld power tools, cordless telephones, laptop computers, camcorders, and scanner radios. A few automobile manufacturers have explored the possibility of using nicad batteries in electric cars. For example, the Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan built and marketed an experimental car called the Libro EV that operated on either traditional lead batteries or on nicad batteries. 

The United States had almost 30,000 miles of roads by the 1830s, but most were dirt horse tracks. By 1905, both gas and electric cars were appearing, but only 10% of U.S. roads were paved. Many of the early automobiles were high wheelers to handle the heavy mud that formed when it rained. Horse traffic turned streets into mud pools. 

These small, successful businesses allowed electric cars to be accepted. In 1900, at the first National Automobile Show a poll showed that electric power was the first choice, followed closely by steam. Gasoline was a distant third, with only 5% of the vote. During that year almost 1,700 steam, 1,600 electric and 100 gasoline cars were made. 

In recent years there has been much interest in electric cars. List some advantages and disadvantages of electric cars compared to automobiles with internal combustion engines. 

As for the multimillion fleet of individual cars that are driven in and outside cities, a massive changeover to fuel eell-powered electric cars will become possible only when technical and economic figures of fuel cell vehicles become comparable to those of internal combustion and hybrid cars (which also undergo eonstant improvement). The changeover from petroleum-based automobile transport to eleetric car transport (requiring a radieal restrueturing of many sectors of economy) will, at any rate, be gradual and will streteh out for many years. 

Industry and Business. One of the main business sectors for electronic vehicles includes forkhfts and other indoor equipment for confined or explosive environments, such as mines. Other sectors that have made profits over the past years include electric scooters and small electric bicycles. And while there is significant media attention on electric cars, both fuel cell and battery based, as well as hybrid-electric vehicles, their contribution to the global automobile market is negligibly small and requires significant governmental incentives to become a fairer part of the global automotive economy. 

Automobile electric ignition system (Charles F. Kettering) Kettering invents the first electric ignition system for cars. 

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