Automated detection

Starting in 1995, a collaboration between Vivid Technologies and Gdardoni led to inclusion of real-time explosive detection in carry-on baggage machines. Heimann, EG G, and Rapiscan soon produced machines with this feature, which became known as operator assist. The FAA performed detection testing on such systems in 1997 and although the results were reasonably good, they did not meet certification 

The new century has seen the development of low-price, low-throughput CT systems under the FAA ARGUS project. These systems currently meet TSA certification except for TSA s targeted bag throughput. Several new companies 

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Vivid H-1 first practical automated detection of explosives via X-rays... 

Vivid demonstrates automated detection of contraband and currency... 

Automated detection and protection systems to signal at an offsite central alarm station service for continuous monitoring. 

Supply chain safety— to protect the products and services on which our economy and society depend. The opportunities for chemical scientists include improved security plans at chemical production sites, automated detection systems that can sense agents inside of closed containers, and improved placarding of railroad tank cars. 

In addition to production metering and automatic well testing, meter site automation detects equipment malfunctions such as high fluid levels in separators and site power outage. 

High Speed Automated Detection of Letter Bombs (Ref 22)... 

G. Jeanty, Ch. Ghommidh and J.L. Marty, Automated detection of chlorpyrifos and its metabolites by a continuous flow system-based enzyme sensor, Anal. Chim. Acta, 436(1) (2001) 119-128. 

Shelef, L. A. and Tan, W. (1998). Automated detection of hydrogen sulfide release from thiosulfate by Salmonella spp. J. Food Prot. 61, 620-622. 

A number of other enhancements to the active holographic imaging technique have also been developed. These include the development of preliminary techniques for automated detection, the use of polarimetric properties of the imaging target, and other techniques [37-39],... 

The extent of chemical interferences in flame spectrometry varies with flame conditions and analyte concentration. Thus it is most unlikely that the same wrong answer will be obtained at two different heights in the flame or at two different fuel-to-oxidant ratios. Indeed it has been suggested that the former of these two options may provide automated detection of chemical interferences.2 The burner was moved up and down using a microprocessor-controlled stepper motor. Alternatively, results in air-acetylene and nitrous oxide-acetylene flames may be compared. Similarly, it is unlikely that the same wrong answer will be obtained at two different dilutions. Thus if it is thought that there might be a risk of chemical interference, the determinations on a selection of samples should be repeated under diverse conditions, either on the same or different instruments. 

Reactive, unstable compounds, as well as covalent binders, can be removed from screening collections by substructure searches [21, 22]. At Roche, a global team of experienced medicinal chemists has defined more than 100 functionalities which are reviewed at regular intervals. This list has been augmented by unwanted features (e.g., polyacids, alkyl aldehydes, polyhalogenated phenols, etc.) which are chemically unattractive starting points for a hit-to-lead optimization, because they often result in non-optimizable SAR patterns. These chemotypes have been coded into Markush-type substructures for automated detection and removal of unwanted compounds. However, we need to stress that these filters are fully customizable, and removed chemotypes can be restored if required. 

R.N. Ghosh, W.W. Webb, Automated detection and tracking of individual and clustered cell-surface low-density-lipoprotein receptor molecules. Biophys. J. 66(5), 1301-1318 (1994)... 

Elsholz, B. Worl, R. Blohm, L. Albers, J. Feucht, H. Grunwald, T. Jurgen, B. Schweder, T. Hintsche, R., Automated detection and quantitation of bacterial RNA by using electrical microarrays, Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 4794 1802... 

HOMOLOGENE. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). URL http //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/HomoloGene/. A system for automated detection of homologs among the annotated genes of several completely sequenced eukaryotic genomes. 

Reynolds DT, Fricker EJ, Purdy D, Fricker CR (1997) Development of a rapid method for the enumeration of bacteria in potable water. Water Sci Tech 35 433 36 Reynolds DT, Fricker CR (1999) Application of laser scanning for the rapid and automated detection of bacteria in water samples. J Appl Microbiol 86 785-795 Reynolds DT, Slade RB, Sykes NJ, Jonas A, Fricker CR (1999) Detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water techniques for generating precise recovery data. J Appl Microbiol 87 804-813... 

Include automated detection and response systems for faster reaction times. 

By the early 1990s, advances in technologies such as lab automation, detection systems, and data capture systems allowed the first real automated versions of screening labs... 

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