Autoclave heat setting

Most of the textured apparel and industrial yams are woven or knitted directly into fabric. The carpet BCF yams can be tufted directly off package into loop pile or velvet constmctions. For the textured saxony constmctions, the BCF and the spun staple yams must be ply-twisted and heat-set. The heat-setting temperature for nylon-6 and nylon-6,6 is 180—220°C in hot—dry atmosphere, and 120—140°C in saturated steam. The yams are twist-set in pressurized autoclaves or continuously on the Superba and Suesson machines (121). Before setting the twist, the yam is heated and relaxed for predevelopment of the bulk. 

For the examinations three different mono- and multifilament PET-yams were used. As seen by the effective temperature two of the fibers (220 dtex multifil and 360 monofil) were heat setted in air at 160°C. The experiments in air and supercritical C02 were carried out in a 400 ml autoclave, the DSC measurements (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) under pressure in a home-made apparatus with an integrated TA-Instruments calorimeter. 

As a general rule it can be stated that a material will be dimension-ally stable if set at a temperature 30 tp 40°C (86° to 104°F) higher than that to which it will be subjected during use. Fabrics are usually heat-set on pin stenters over temperature ranges between 150° and 230°C (302° and 446°F), but garments can be set in steam autoclave machines at steam pressures between 20 and 25 psi. 

Knit-de-knit method In this method, the yam is knit into a two-inch-diameter hose-leg, heat-set in an autoclave, and then unraveled and wound on to a final package. This texturing... 

General Procedure for Batch Carbonylation of Methanol in the Absence of Methyl Iodide. A complete set of procedures appears in ref. 5 bnt the following procedure is representative of a methanol carbonylation. To a 300 mL Hastelloy C-276 autoclave was added 0.396 g (1.5 mmol) of RhCl3 3H20, 112.0 g (0.507 mol) of N-methyl pyridinium iodide, 30.0 g (0.5 mol) of acetic acid, and 64.0 g (2.0 mol) of methanol. The mixture was heated to 190°C under 250 psi (1.72 MPa) of 5% hydrogen in carbon monoxide. Upon reaching temperatnre the gas feed was switched... 

In addition to normal compression set test conditions, usually 22 hours at 70 °C in a hot air oven, pharmaceutical elastomeric closures may be subjected to compression set conditions simulating steam sterilization cycles in an autoclave for 30 minutes at 121 °C. Also, sterilizing cycles employing ETO, radiation, or dry heat are used. Comparison data between formulations are used to develop compression set values that will identify potentially acceptable compounds under these conditions. 

In a typical experiment, 50 g of NaOH flakes were first dissolved in 120 g of water. The required amount of catalyst was then wet loaded into the caustic solution and 72 g of ethanolamine added. Before heating the autoclave was closed and the air inside purged out with N2. The autoclave was then heated with the set temperature (433 K) reached after about 80 minutes. This time is taken as zero in the plots that follow. The standard operating conditions used for catalyst evaluation unless otherwise stated were as follows temperature 433 K pressure 0.9 MPa ethanolamine concentration 2.9 M NaOH concentration 6.2 M stirrer speed 80 rpm catalyst 8 g with particle size 106-211 pm. 

Methoxy-delta-6-Dehydro-10,16-Dioxoisomorphinan. One g of the above phenanthrene and 200 mg of copper chromite are suspended in 30 cc of absolute aleohol and redueed in an autoclave at 144-150° with 25 atmospheres hydrogen pressure (cold, before heating, thats where pressure was set) for 4 hours. The cooled reaction mixture is decolorized with Norit, filtered, and concentrated. Pale, yellow prismatic needles (585 mg) are separated. This step can be accomplished in larger scale at the expense of the yield. 

Place slides in Coplinjars containing antigen retrieval solution that has been previously heated at 80°C. Set the jars in the center of a stainless steel autoclave equipped with a 1,850 W heating filament. Tightly close the door of the autoclave as required by the instructions, and heat at 120°C for 10 min at 15 psi. Cool down with running tap water for 20-30 min, then rinse the sections with 0.05 M PBS at room temperature and immunostain. 

A wide and 1000-1500 A long (Fig. 11D), in which striat-ions are not so clear as in the renatured and 60°C-set preparations. X-ray studies of the oriented curdlan gels showed that the heat treatment at temperatures above 120°C(autoclaving) caused a... 

Procedure. One hundred grams of coal liquid was combined with a predetermined amount of presulfided Co-Mo-Al catalyst and charged to the autoclave. Reaction temperature for the runs varied from 360 to 435°C, depending on the run. A stirring setting of 1000 rpm was used, and the initial total pressure was varied from 1500 (10.4 MPa) to 2500 (17.3 MPa) psig. The heat-up rate was about 12 to 20°C/min, thus requiring a total heat-up time of about 20-25 minutes. 

Sterilizer parameters are specific to combinations of product, presentation, and autoclave. They must be established empirically. Heat penetration studies done prior to the performance qualification phase of validation serve the purpose of determining the loading patterns, prevacuums, and temperature and pressure settings, etc.which ensure that the sterilization specification is delivered to the product and that it is delivered uniformly throughout the load. 

Representative test methods of flexible foam properties, as defined by the ASTM D-3574 are density, IFD (indentation force deflection), CFD (compression force deflection), sag factor, compression set, tensile and tear strengths, elongation, resilience, dry-heat aging and steam autoclave aging. 

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