Auditory sensations

Pitch The spacing of holes in a flange, or the angle of fan blades. That attribute of auditory sensation depending primarily on the frequency of the sound in terms of which sounds may be ordered on a scale extending from low to high. 

Another form of life process images is the flow of auditory sensations. The endless series of abstract sounds (described in the preceding vision) bounce through awareness. The emotional reaction to these can be neutral or can involve intense feelings of unity, or of annoyed fear. 

It should be mentioned that a recent publication (H ) showed that the pitch (frequency) of sound induced by microwave pulses of widths less than 50 ps persisted as the subject s head was lowered into saline water, while the loudness diminished roughly in proportion to the depth of immersion. Upon complete immersion, auditory sensation disappeared. For pulse widths longer than 50 ps, even partial immersion resulted in loss of perception. This was interpreted as being at odds with the thermoelastic theory. There is, however, an explanation that does seem to fit the data. 

Lesions of the nerve and central structures occur due to trauma, tumor growth, and vascular accidents. These maybe subject to surgical intervention to prevent further damage and promote functional recovery. In patients having no auditory nerve due to tumor removal, direct electrical stimulation of the CN has been used to provide auditory sensation. 

Aspects of texture related to mechanical properties of food are called consistency. Auditorial sensations are associated with a range of textural characteristics (such as crispiness). 

To fully understand the concepts of sonnd, noise, and NHL, we mnst become famihar with the terminology and the relationships. Sound, with an approximate speed in air of 1,130 ff/s at 70 F, is the auditory sensation caused by the oscillations in pressnre in a mediiun with elasticity and viscosity... 

Long-term amphetamine abuse results in many damaging effects, not least of which is addiction. Chronic abusers exhibit symptoms that can include violent behavior, anxiety, confusion, and insomnia. They also can display a number of psychotic features, including paranoia, auditory hallucinations, mood disturbances, and delusions (for example, the sensation of insects creeping on the skin). The paranoia can result in homicidal as well as suicidal thoughts. 

The Neurophysiology Sensory Evoked Potentials test guideline (OPPTS 870.6855) is designed to detect and characterize changes in the sensory aspects of nervous system function that result from exposure to chemical substances. The techniques involve neurophysiological measurements from adult animals and are sensitive to changes in the function of auditory, somatosensory (body sensation), and visual sensory systems. 

Chronic use of amphetamine or cocaine can give rise to visual, tactile, olfactory and auditory hallucinations (Miller, 1991 Sims, 1988). Formication is characteristic in which the user experiences the sensation of little animals or insects crawling over the body or just under the skin or sees his body covered in sores or vermin. These hallucinations may lead to delusions of infestation. 

All the hypnotic subjects reported boredom and apathy. Their voices became flat and their expressions listless. One subject became hostile and mildly sadistic. All hypnotic subjects reported difficulty in thinking, and two seemed to become paranoid in the trend of their thinking. One subject reported transient visual and auditory hallucinations, which he did not specify, and transient enhancement of visual and taste sensations. This same subject reported, "... distant objects seemed more distant and unreal than usual, while objects close to me were vivid and dazzling."... 

Not only may this EEG pattern be indicative of nonrestorative sleep, it may also be related to pain sensations. Three of six healthy, non-FM subjects underwent a sleep deprivation induction trial marked by the presentation of auditory stimuli during delta sleep (24). As a result, they experienced greater muscular ten-... 

We have discussed only the visual aspects of the fourth vision. Auditory phenomena are of equal importance. Here the solid, labelled nature of auditory patterns is lost, and the mechanical impact of sound hitting the eardrum is registered. In some cases, sound becomes converted into pure sensation, and synesthesia (mixture of sense modalities) occurs. Sounds are experienced as colors. External sensations hitting the cortex are recorded as molecular events, ineffable. 

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