Attention and perception

McGhie, A., and Chapman, J. "Disorders of Attention and Perception in Early Schizophrenia," British Journal of Medical Psychology 34,103-16,1961. 

McGhie A, Chapman J. 1961. Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia. Br J Med Psychol 34 103-116. 

Schonburg et al. [84] note that many studies have shown that serious postoperative psycho-neurological dysfunction occurs in 2-8% of all patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Less serious adverse outcomes apparently occur in up to 70% of cases [84, 85]. The latter include cognitive dysfunctions such as comprehension, attention and perception impairment, and memory loss [84, 85]. Although these outcomes are sometimes reversible, it can take patients several months to return to normal [86]. They have been attributed to microanboU, which are either gaseous or particulate, where the latter can presumably even include antifoam drops. 

This chapter will review the behavioural changes in PD in terms of conscious and unconscious functions. It is based on the assumption of Delacourt (1995), that consciousness is not a separate faculty of mind, but rather depends on a certain activity mode of basic cognitive functions—attention, memory, perception, action planning and motivation. Changes in these domains of consciousness in PD patients are reviewed and in addition, since consciousness is closely associated with wakefulness, disturbances of sleep and dreaming in PD are also discussed. 

Recall that we restrict attention to perception-perfect strategies corresponding to the unique perception-perfect strategy for a finite horizon as the horizon becomes long. For a finite horizon, we suppose the last period is a weekend, and of course people hit whether or not they are hooked on this weekend. 

Conflict is one way in which mismatches in perception manifest themselves. In the next section, we consider how the professional salesperson or persuader can pay close attention to perceptions, thereby minimizing conflict and maximizing agreement in sales and other situations where persuasive skills must be applied. 

The Delta system contains many of the same tests contained in the APTS system, including those that monitor motor function, reaction time, attention and working memory, learning and memory, spatial perception and reasoning, mathematical calculation, and language (Table 6.1). More complete descriptions of the psychometric and validity studies supporting the utility of this testing system are available elsewhere.61,62... 

Fallone G, Acebo C, Arnedt JT, Seifer R, Carskadon MA. Effects of acute sleep restriction on behavior, sustained attention, and response inhibition in children. Percept Motor Skills 2001 93 213-229. 

Principle 7 Learning involves both focused attention and peripheral perception. CTL naturally seeks situations in which students can... 

Attention requires special comment. Dreams seize our attention and constantly co-opt it. We are so often surprised by the sudden turn of dream events that we cannot pay them the attention that they would command if we were awake. We assume that this attentional defect is partly a consequence of parasitic percepts arising spontaneously, but it may also spring from the lack of voluntary movement control that limits our ability to move and to think. We are awash in our own cognitive secretions, including... 

Perceptibility , as Novalis puts it, is an attentiveness . The perceptibility he has in mind is none other than that of the aura. Experience of the aura thus arises from the fact that a response characteristic of human relationships is transposed to the relationship between humans and inanimate or natural objects. The person we look at, or who feels he is being looked at, looks at us in turn. To experience the aura of an object we look at means to invest it with the ability to look back at us.20... 

May be useful for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, constituted by early loss of attentiveness and visual perception with possible hallucinations, Parkinson-like movement problems, fluctuating cognition such as daytime drowsiness and lethargy, staring into space for long periods, episodes of disorganized speech)... 

At high doses these effects are severe. There are marked disturbances of function at all levels of the central nervous system motor coordination, attentiveness, and control of thought and the learning process all decline. Confusion, restlessness, impairment of perception and interpretation, and memory span are observed. The first symptoms occur... 

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