Tabun atropine

Soman at doses of 1.0 and 1.2 mg/kg inhibited spinal cord NTE (67 and 37% of control, respectively) in hens protected with the antidote, atropine. Tabun at a dose of 12 mg/kg decreased NTE activity (67% of control) in the spinal cord of protected hens. The inhibition of NTE activity in these studies were below threshold levels and suggested the inability of soman and tabun to cause OPIDN. Rats exposed to low-dose sarin (300 p,g/kg, p.o.) for 90 days significantly inhibited brain NTE activity (85% of control). " Crowell et al."° studied the effects of oral graded... 

Nerve Agent Antidote Kit (NAAK or MARK I) consists of an atropine auto-injector (2 mg), a pralidoxime chloride auto-injector (2-Pam-Cl, 600 mg), the plastic clip joining the two injectors, and a foam case. The kit serve as a countermeasure to nerve agents, including tabun (GA), sarin (GB), soman (GD), GF, and VX. Military personnel can receive three MARK I for self/buddy aid. Possible side effects of atropine and/or 2-PAM-C1 are deemed insignificant in a nerve agent casualty. Intravenous atropine and 2-PAM-C1 can also be made available. The MARK I kit is manufactured by Survival Technology, Inc., Rockville, Maryland. 

Heilbronn, E., Appelgren, I.E., and Sundwall, A. The fate of tabun in atropine and atropine-oxime treated rats and mice. Biochem. Pharmacol. 13 1189-1195, 1964. 

Gupta, R.C., Dettbam, W-D. (1992). Potential of memantine, d-tubocurarine and atropine in preventing acute toxic myopathy induced by organophosphate nerve agents soman, sarin, tabun and VX. NeuroToxicology 13 500-14. 

Autoinjectors (AtroPen , Mark I , Combopen MC ) are atropine or atropine and pralidoxime combinations available for human use. They are not used in veterinary medicine as they are not adjustable for different sized patients. Experimental vaccines against nerve agent VX, and monoclonal antibodies which protect against soman, sarin, and tabun toxicity have been produced and are being tested (Dunn and Sidell, 1989 Somani et al, 1992). 

Tabun, sarin, Mild/moderate symptoms Neonates and Atropine 0.05 mg/kg IM/ Neonates Diazepam 0.1-0.3 mg/kg/dose... 

Clinical experience with the use of PAM-2 iodide, given with atropine and diazepam, in the treatment of the victims of the Tokyo sarin attack in 1995 was extremely favourable (Stojdjkovic and Jokanovic, 2005). Still, 2-PAM should not be recommended as the drug of choice due to its lack of efficacy against tabun and soman (Kassa, 2005). 

Worek, F., Kirchner, T., Szinicz, L. (1994b). Treatment of tabun poisoned guinea-pigs with atropine, HL6-7 or HI-6 effect on respiratory and circulatory function. Arch. Toxicol. 68 231-9. 

Synthesized eompounds were tested together with atropine sulfate in vivo on miee intoxicated by soman and tabun. Afterwards, they were also tested in vitro against ethyl(4-nitrophenyl)methylphosphonate-inhibited human erythrocyte AChE using pralidoxime and HI-6 as reference compounds. The experiments showed that derivatives... 

Based on multiple factors (total dose of atropine required aging half-times of the nerve agent 2 vs. 4 position of the oxime group (—C = N-OH) on the pyridine ring the number of oximes, both experimentally and commercially available, capable of reactivating cholinesterase and the percent of total cholinesterases that the oxime will reactivate) sarin (GB) and VX usually respond best to treatment. Tabun (GA) and cyclohexyl sarin (GF) are less responsive to treatment, and soman (GD) is the most difficult (least responsive) to treat. 

Efficacy of the combined usage of two or more ChR depends upon OPC type. The prophylactic usage of atropine, HI-6 and toxogonine is indicated in animals poisoned with tabun at the same time, symptoms of soman intoxication are eliminated without use of toxogonine [78],... 

Gender differences are observed in the antidotic-and-therapeutic action of oximes. The single administration of an oxime concurrently with atropine protects males from 4.2 DL50 of soman and 2.5 DL50 of tabun, with respective values for females being 10.5 and 4.3 DL50 [79],... 

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