Atomizers atomic spectroscopy

INS Ion neutralization An inert gas hitting surface is spectroscopy [147] neutralized with the ejection of an Auger electron from a surface atom Spectroscopy of Emitted Ions or Molecules Kinetics of surface reactions chemisorption... 

Lochmuler, C. Atomic Spectroscopy—Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in Sand with a Statistical Treatment of Measurements published on the web at http //www.chem.duke.edu/ clochmul/exp4/exp4.html. 

Sneddon, J., Thiem, T. and Lee, Y.-I. (1997) Lasers in Atomic Spectroscopy, John Wiley, New York. 

Chemical Analysis. The presence of siUcones in a sample can be ascertained quaUtatively by burning a small amount of the sample on the tip of a spatula. SiUcones bum with a characteristic sparkly flame and emit a white sooty smoke on combustion. A white ashen residue is often deposited as well. If this residue dissolves and becomes volatile when heated with hydrofluoric acid, it is most likely a siUceous residue (437). Quantitative measurement of total sihcon in a sample is often accompHshed indirectly, by converting the species to siUca or siUcate, followed by deterrnination of the heteropoly blue sihcomolybdate, which absorbs at 800 nm, using atomic spectroscopy or uv spectroscopy (438—443). Pyrolysis gc followed by mass spectroscopic detection of the pyrolysate is a particularly sensitive tool for identifying siUcones (442,443). This technique rehes on the pyrolytic conversion of siUcones to cycHcs, predominantly to [541-05-9] which is readily detected and quantified (eq. 37). 

Naiiow-line uv—vis spectia of free atoms, corresponding to transitions ia the outer electron shells, have long been employed for elemental analysis usiag both atomic absorption (AAS) and emission (AES) spectroscopy (159,160). Atomic spectroscopy is sensitive but destmctive, requiring vaporization and decomposition of the sample iato its constituent elements. Some of these techniques are compared, together with mass spectrometry, ia Table 4 (161,162). 

J. W. Robinson, Atomic Spectroscopy, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1990. 

Atomic Spectroscopy and Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectromety, regular and occasional topical bibHographies. 

Tungsten is usually identified by atomic spectroscopy. Using optical emission spectroscopy, tungsten in ores can be detected at concentrations of 0.05—0.1%, whereas x-ray spectroscopy detects 0.5—1.0%. ScheeHte in rock formations can be identified by its luminescence under ultraviolet excitation. In a wet-chemical identification method, the ore is fired with sodium carbonate and then treated with hydrochloric acid addition of 2inc, aluminum, or tin produces a beautiful blue color if tungsten is present. 

Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy Surface Analysis," Mnnual Book ofMSTM Standards, part 3.06, American Society for Testing and Matedals, Philadelphia, Pa., 1992. 

The performance of microwave-assisted decomposition of most difficult samples of organic and inorganic natures in combination with the microwave-assisted solution preconcentration is illustrated by sample preparation of carbon-containing matrices followed by atomic spectroscopy determination of noble metals. Microwave-assisted extraction of most dangerous contaminants, in particular, pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, from soils have been developed and successfully used in combination with polarization fluoroimmunoassay (FPIA) and fluorescence detection. 

One contemporary author has described the situation regarding atomic spectroscopy in the following manner ... 

Atomic spectroscopy, 1, 231-234 Atropisomers, 1,200 Aurintricarboxylic acid beryllium(II) complexes, 2, 482 Aurocyanides dissolution, 6,784 Autotrophic bacteria... 

Chapter 3 is devoted to pressure transformation of the unresolved isotropic Raman scattering spectrum which consists of a single Q-branch much narrower than other branches (shaded in Fig. 0.2(a)). Therefore rotational collapse of the Q-branch is accomplished much earlier than that of the IR spectrum as a whole (e.g. in the gas phase). Attention is concentrated on the isotropic Q-branch of N2, which is significantly narrowed before the broadening produced by weak vibrational dephasing becomes dominant. It is remarkable that isotropic Q-branch collapse is indifferent to orientational relaxation. It is affected solely by rotational energy relaxation. This is an exceptional case of pure frequency modulation similar to the Dicke effect in atomic spectroscopy [13]. The only difference is that the frequency in the Q-branch is quadratic in J whereas in the Doppler contour it is linear in translational velocity v. Consequently the rotational frequency modulation is not Gaussian but is still Markovian and therefore subject to the impact theory. The Keilson-... 

The quasi-classical theory of spectral shape is justified for sufficiently high pressures, when the rotational structure is not resolved. For isotropic Raman spectra the corresponding criterion is given by inequality (3.2). At lower pressures the well-resolved rotational components are related to the quantum number j of quantized angular momentum. At very low pressure each of the components may be considered separately and its broadening is qualitatively the same as of any other isolated line in molecular or atomic spectroscopy. 

Unfortunately, these rather basic errors are distressingly common, yet cause much unnecessary dissatisfaction. No printer is perfect, and relying on catalog data can result in the publication of incorrect data in a paper. This occurred, e.g. in 1994 when data was taken from an out-of-date NIST catalog, rather than the appropriate certificate. Published in the Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy, the paper by Soares et al. (1994) cited a certified value for Cr in NIST SRM 1548, when consultation of the Certificate would have shown that for several technical reasons the element value reported could not be certified. 

Practically all classical methods of atomic spectroscopy are strongly influenced by interferences and matrix effects. Actually, very few analytical techniques are completely free of interferences. However, with atomic spectroscopy techniques, most of the common interferences have been studied and documented. Interferences are classified conveniently into four categories chemical, physical, background (scattering, absorption) and spectral. There are virtually no spectral interferences in FAAS some form of background correction is required. Matrix effects are more serious. Also GFAAS shows virtually no spectral interferences, but... 

Atomic spectroscopy has been reviewed [92] a recent update is available [93]. An overview of sample introduction in atomic spectrometry is available [94]. Several recent books deal with analytical atomic spectrometry [95-100],... 

Adapted from Moenke-Blankenburg [217]. From L. Moenke-Blanken-burg, in Lasers in Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy (J. Sneddon et al., eds), VCH Publishers, New York, NY (1997), pp. 125-195. Reproduced by permission of Wiley-VCH. 

M. Cullen (ed.), Atomic Spectroscopy in Elemental Analysis, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford (2003). 

K. W. Jackson (ed.), Electrothermal Atomization for Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy, John Wiley Sons, Ltd, Chichester (1999). 

G. Schlemmer and B. Radziuk, A Laboratory Guide to Graphite Furnace Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1998). 

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