Atomic spectroscopy, high resolution

I have not included in the bibliography my own books on spectroscopy. High Resolution Spectroscopy, second edition (John Wiley, 1998) follows the general format of Modern Spectroscopy but takes the subject to the research level. Basic Atomic and Molecular... 

Reednick J. (1979) A unique approach to atomic spectroscopy high energy plasma excitation and high resolution spectrometry, Am Lab May 127-133. 

In alkaline earth atoms the high resolution of radiofrequency spectroscopy easily reveals irregularities due to perturbations in the spectra which might go unnoticed otherwise. 

Although much of the book focuses on physical theory, 1 have emphasized aspects of optical spectroscopy that are especially pertinent to molecular biophysics, and 1 have drawn most of the examples from this area. The book therefore covers topics that receive little attention in most general books on molecular spectroscopy, including exciton interactions, resonance energy transfer, single molecule spectroscopy, high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy, and photon echoes. It says less than is customary about atomic spectroscopy and about rotational and vibrational spectroscopy of... 

J. Gustafson, M. Borg, A. Mikkelsen, S. Gorovikov, E. Lundgren, J.N. Andersen, Identification of step atoms by high resolution core level spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(5), 056102 (2003)... 

High-resolution spectroscopy used to observe hyperfme structure in the spectra of atoms or rotational stnicture in electronic spectra of gaseous molecules connnonly must contend with the widths of the spectral lines and how that compares with the separations between lines. Tln-ee contributions to the linewidth will be mentioned here tlie natural line width due to tlie finite lifetime of the excited state, collisional broadening of lines, and the Doppler effect. 

As the table shows, a host of other teclmiques have contributed a dozen or fewer results each. It is seen that diffraction teclmiques have been very prominent in the field the major diffraction methods have been LEED, PD, SEXAFS, XSW, XRD, while others have contributed less, such as NEXAFS, RHEED, low-energy position diffraction (LEPD), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), medium-energy electron diffraction (MEED), Auger electron diffraction (AED), SEELFS, TED and atom diffraction (AD). 

The approach is ideally suited to the study of IVR on fast timescales, which is the most important primary process in imimolecular reactions. The application of high-resolution rovibrational overtone spectroscopy to this problem has been extensively demonstrated. Effective Hamiltonian analyses alone are insufficient, as has been demonstrated by explicit quantum dynamical models based on ab initio theory [95]. The fast IVR characteristic of the CH cliromophore in various molecular environments is probably the most comprehensively studied example of the kind [96] (see chapter A3.13). The importance of this question to chemical kinetics can perhaps best be illustrated with the following examples. The atom recombination reaction... 

In this chapter, three methods for measuring the frequencies of the vibrations of chemical bonds between atoms in solids are discussed. Two of them, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FTIR, and Raman Spectroscopy, use infrared (IR) radiation as the probe. The third, High-Resolution Electron Enetgy-Loss Spectroscopy, HREELS, uses electron impact. The fourth technique. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, NMR, is physically unrelated to the other three, involving transitions between different spin states of the atomic nucleus instead of bond vibrational states, but is included here because it provides somewhat similar information on the local bonding arrangement around an atom. 

NMR provides one of the most powerful techniques for identification of unknown compounds based on high-resolution proton spectra (chemical shift type integration relative numbers) or 13C information (number of nonequivalent carbon atoms types of carbon number of protons at each C atom). Structural information may be obtained in subsequent steps from chemical shifts in single-pulse NMR experiments, homo- and heteronuclear spin-spin connectivities and corresponding coupling constants, from relaxation data such as NOEs, 7) s 7is, or from even more sophisticated 2D techniques. In most cases the presence of a NOE enhancement is all that is required to establish the stereochemistry at a particular centre [167]. For a proper description of the microstructure of a macromolecule NMR spectroscopy has now overtaken IR spectroscopy as the analytical tool in general use. 

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