Atomic Mouse

Atom Ant 1 (January 1966) (Gold Key). Atomic Mouse til (March 1953) (Fago). See also Steve Sibra, "Atomic Animals, Comic Book Marketplace 2 (April 1994) 30-34. 

The strategic bond is disconnected by just clicking with the mouse on it. A suitable synthesis precursor is then generated automatically by WODCA by adding appropriate atoms or groups to the open valences. 

View the contour map m several planes to see the general Torm of the distiibiiiioii. As long as you don t alter the molecular coordinates, you don t need to repeat th e wave function calculation. Use the left mouse button and the IlyperChem Rotation or Translation tools (or Tool icons ) to change the view of amolecnle without changing its atomic coordinates. 

Up to this point, we have used a numerical input file to stress the fact that computers work on numbers, not diagrams, MM3 and TINKER work from numerical input files that are similar but not identical. Both can be adapted to wo rk u n de r th e c om m an d o f a g ra p h i c al w se r i n terface, G UI (p ro n o u n c ed g oo ey , Before going into more detail concerning MM, we shall solve a geometry optimization using the GUT of PCMODEL (Serena Sortware). The input is constructed by using a mouse to point and click on each atom of the connected atom list or skeleton of the molecule. This yields Fig. 4-6 (top). 

In the early days of chemical modelling, people did indeed construct models from plastic atoms and bonds, a mler and a pair of scissors. The tendency now is to reach for the PC, and one aim of this book is to give you an insight into the bewitching acronyms that lie behind the keystrokes and mouse clicks of a sophisticated modelling package. 

In contrast, the fluorine atom at the peri-position of 12F-5-methylchrysene influences dihydrodiol formation in the adjacent angular ring. Whereas the ratio of 5-MeC-7,8-diol to 5-MeC-l,2-diol in mouse epidermis was 1 1, 2 hr after topical application of [%] 5-MeC, the ratio of 12F-5-methylchrysene-7,8-diol to 12F-5-methylchrysene-1,2-diol was 68 1. In contrast to 5-MeC, the metabolites formed from 12F-5-methylchrysene in mouse skin resulted almost exclusively from oxidation at the 7,8-bond (57). Thus, metabolic switching to the less tumorigenic 7,8-dihydrodiol appears to be the basis for the lower tumorigenicity of 12F-5-methylchrysene compared to 5-MeC. 

Segall and coworkers described the in vitro mouse hepatic microsomal metabolism of the alkaloid senecionine (159) (Scheme 34). Several pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolites were isolated from mouse liver microsomal incubation mixtures and identified (222, 223). Preparative-scale incubations with mouse liver microsomes enabled the isolation of metabolites for mass spectral and H-NMR analysis. Senecic acid (161) was identified by GC-MS comparison with authentic 161. A new metabolite, 19-hydroxysenecionine (160), gave a molecular ion consistent with the addition of one oxygen atom to the senecionine structure. The position to which the new oxygen atom had been added was made evident by the H-NMR spectrum. The three-proton doublet for the methyl group at position 19 of senecionine was absent in the NMR spectrum of the metabolite and was replaced by two signals (one proton each) at 3.99 and 3.61 ppm for a new carbinol methylene functional group. All other H-NMR spectral data were consistent for the structure of 160 as the new metabolite (222). 

A 35- to 40-fold incorporation (relative to other fractions) of labelled mercury into a nonhistone fraction of rat kidney nuclei has been reported [44]. By using flameless atomic absorption, a 12 to 15-fold enrichment of mercury was found in the euchromatin fraction of mouse liver nuclei [45, 46]. Mercury was not detected in the inactive heterochromatin. 

In doses of 1.2 mg Ni/kg and up to 20 mg Ni/kg, nickel chloride caused increased resorption rates and a number of malformations in murine foetuses, specific to the foetal skeletal system, as shown by atomic absorption [425]. It was believed that nickel chloride might influence embryos during the passage through the oviduct, with subsequent effect on the development after implantation [426]. Preimplantation mouse embryos have also been used to investigate toxic effects of nickel chloride on early embryo development in vitro, and a dose-dependent effect has been found [427]. 

Graphic module The target molecule is introduced by drawing its structure on the screen with the aid of the "mouse" and the "facilities" incorporated in the module, such as ring templates, atoms other than carbon, atomic groups, etc. which are described in the manual. All the stmctural information is stored automatically in the program as "connectivity matrices" and "tables" (one for each atom) in which the nature of the atom and other characteristics are indicated. 

Creation of the retron or substructure. The user "draws" the retron on the computer screen with the mouse. Different menus allow the introduction of the necessary heteroatoms and atomic groups. 

Practise drawing carbon-atom chains with the mouse until you are familiar with the technique. 

Note While a ring is being drawn, only the fixed vertex and the vertex accompanying the mouse in its movements can be fused with pre-existing atoms. If you try to fuse any other of the ring s atoms, an error message will appear. 

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