Atmospheric modeling, source-oriented

Source-oriented atmospheric dispersion modeling has been the major tool used in attributing ambient concentrations to source emissions. With the development of inexpensive and rapid chemical analysis techniques for dividing ambient and source particulate matter into its components has come another approach, the receptor model. 

The Gaussian Plume Model is the most well-known and simplest scheme to estimate atmospheric dispersion. This is a mathematical model which has been formulated on the assumption that horizontal advection is balanced by vertical and transverse turbulent diffusion and terms arising from creation of depletion of species i by various internal sources or sinks. In the wind-oriented coordinate system, the conservation of species mass equation takes the following form ... 

The solid-flame model, presented in Section 3.5.2, is more realistic than the point-source model. It addresses the fireball s dimensions, its surface-emissive power, atmospheric attenuation, and view factor. The latter factor includes the object s orientation relative to the fireball and its distance from the fireball s center. This section provides information on emissive power for use in calculations beyond that presented in Section 3.5.2. Furthermore, view factors applicable to fireballs are discussed in more detail. 

Source-dispersion and receptor-oriented models have a common physical basis. Both assume that mass arriving at a receptor (sampling site) from source j was transported with conservation of mass by atmospheric dispersion of source emitted material. From the source-dispersion model point of view, the mass collected at the receptor from source j, Mj, Is the dependent variable which Is equal to the product of a dispersion factor, Dj (which depends on wind speed, wind direction, stability, etc.) and an emission rate factor, Ej, 1. e. , ... 

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