Atmosphere translucent

Phosphorus exists as white and red phosphorus. The former allotrope may be preserved in the dark at low temperatures but otherwise reverts to the more stable red form. The white form is a waxy, translucent, crystalline, highly-toxic solid subliming at room temperature and inflaming in air at 35°C, so it is handled under water. The red form is a reddish violet crystalline solid which vaporizes if heated at atmospheric pressure and condenses to give white phosphorus. The red form ignites in air at 260°C. Both are insoluble in water, and white phosphorus can be stored beneath it. Phosphorus forms a host of compounds such as phosphine, tri- and penta-halides, tri-, tetra- and penta-oxides, oxyacids including hypophosphorous, orthophosphorous and orthophosphoric acids. 

Mesocosms placed in shallow Finnish lakes were used to evaluate changes brought about by extended incubation of biologically treated bleachery effluent from mills that used chloride dioxide. The mesocosms had a volume of ca. 2 m and were constructed of translucent polyethere or black polyethene to simulate dark reactions. The experiments were carried out at ambient temperatures throughout the year, and sum parameters were used to trace the fate of the organically bound chlorine. In view of previous studies on the molecular mass distribution of effluents (Jokela and Salkinoja-Salonen 1992), this was measured as an additional marker. Important featmes were that (a) sedimentation occurred exclusively within the water mass within the mesocosm, (b) the atmospheric input could be estimated... 

For comparative isothermal aging studies, all the samples of pure BCB and dlcyanate monomers, as well as their 1 1 molar mixtures, were cured in a single batch at 200-220°C for 40 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The cured samples of BADCy, METHYLCy, and THIOCy were all transparent and yellow/amber, and their blends with BCB were also transparent but dark red in color. The cured sample of BCB was translucent and yellow. The Tg s (cure) of the thermosets derived from the dlcyanate monomers are relatively high, 224°-261°C as determined by thermomechanical analysis (TMA). There Is an increase of 10-31°C in Tg (cure) values in their blends with BCB. The ITGA results of the cured samples of BCB,... 

The resulting reaction mixture, a clear yellow liquid containing a white opaque solid, is protected from atmospheric moisture by means of a calcium chloride drying tube and is set aside at room temperature for 1.5-2 hours. During this time slight effervescence continues (Note 3) and the white opaque suspended material gradually disintegrates to a finely divided translucent deposit. 

First assume that the clouds and the atmosphere act as translucent bodies absorbing or blocking the radiation coming from the sun and calculate their transmissivity (x) accordingly. For example, let us calculate the transmissivity of the atmosphere on a clear day with no clouds. Since there are no clouds the radiation reaching the earth s surface is 100%(from sun) - 16% (absorbed by atmosphere) - 6% (reflected by atmosphere). 

Calculate the view factor using Hottel string theorem assuming the clouds to be opaque. (The view factor should be calculated assuming no radiation passes through clouds then calculate the view factor assuming open air gaps are opaque and clouds are translucent, and add them. The atmosphere is also translucent.)... 

Being the only stable intermediate phase in the Al203-Si02 system at atmospheric pressure, mullite is one of the most important ceramic materials. Mullite has been fabricated into transparent, translucent, and opaque bulk forms. These materials may have optical and electronic device applications. Mullite s temperature stability and... 

Ablative deceleration leaves a smoothed dark brown to black fusion crust on most meteorites (Plate If) translucent, pale crusts may occur on Fe-poor stony meteorites which may be olive-green on Lunar ones. Very rarely, an appropriately-shaped meteoroid may assume a quasi-stable orientation during late atmospheric traversal. In such a case, material ablated from the front can redeposit as delicate droplets or streamlets on its sides and rear (Plate 2). The fusion crust is an unambiguous indicator that an object in question is a meteorite. Also, nearly all meteorites contain iron and will therefore attract a magnet however, some terrestrial materials will too. 

In this paper translucent Yb , Ho LU2O3 ceramics were fabricated at 1850°C for 3 h in flowing H2 atmosphere using co-precipitated nanocrystalline powders as starting materials. The luminescent properties of the nanocrystalline powders and sintered ceramic were investigated. 

Lui.896Ybo 1H00.004O3 nanocrystalline powders were synthesized by co-precipitation method, which was described in detail before The as-prepared powders were pressed under 30 MPa into disk with 12-mm diameter, and then isostatically cold pressed under 200 MPa pressure. Finally, the disks were sintered at 1850°C for 3 h in flowing H2 atmosphere. Therefore, the translucent ceramics were obtained. 

Wei GC, Rhodes WH (2000) Sintering of translucent alumina in a nitrogen-hydrogen gas atmosphere. J Am Ceram Soc 83 1641-1648... 

Aluminum nitride (AIN) is a covalent-bonded compound and has a hexagonal wurtzite-type crystal structure and a density of 3.26 gcm . Pure AlN is translucent and colorless (white in powder form), and a stable compound in inert atmospheres at temperatures up to 2000 °C. 

HM 7—7.5) White, translucent, hard caramic material. Readily soluble in HF Titanium and in concentrated H2SO4, and reacts rapidly with molten alkali dioxide hydroxides and fused alkali carbonates. Owing to its good corrosion (rutile, resistance to liquid metals such as Ni and Mo, it is used in crucibles titania) for melting these metals. Titania is readily attacked unds an inert atmosphere by molten metals such as Be, Si, Ti, Zr, Nb, and Ta,... 

White and translucent hard material used as abrasive for grinding. Excellent electric insulator and also wear resistant. Insoluble in water and in strong mineral acids, readily soluble in strong alkali hydroxides, attacked by HE or NH HEj. Owing to its corrosion resistance, in inert atmosphere, in molten metals such as Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, Sn, Pb, Ga, Bi, As, Sb, Hg, Mo, W, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, and U it is used as crucible container for these liquid metals. Alumina is readily attacked in an inert atmosphere by molten metals such as Li, Na, Be, Al, Si, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, and Cu. Maximum service temperature 1950°C... 

Translucent Vitreous Silica is made by the fusion of quartz sand in a furnace open to the atmosphere it is translucent, i.e. not fully transparent, because of the numerous small bubbles that it contains. Transparent Vitreous Silica is made by the fusion (frequently under vacuum) of quartz crystal, or by the hydrolysis or oxidation of a volatile silicon compound and subsequent fusion of the silica so formed the product of the latter process is known as Synthetic Vitreous Silica. Vitreous Slip. A US term defined (ASTM - C242) as a slip coating matured on a ceramic body to produce a vitrified surface. 

W. Erb of the Physikalisch-Techniche Bundesanstalt has characterized an ideal standard as having the following properties It is (1) transportable or, if not transportable, then easily reproduced with high reliability (2) stable with respect to time, radiation, temperature, atmosphere, etc. (3) homogeneous, with a smooth surface (4) diffusely reflecting (5) spectrally nonselective (6) nontransparent (not translucent) (7) nonfluorescent and (8) easy to handle. 

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