Atmosphere global circulation

Atmospheric Global Circulation Benchmark 26.58 teraflops on 640 nodes (65%)... 

Dorman, J. L. and Sellers, P. J. (1989). A global climatology of albedo, roughness length and stomatal resistance for atmospheric general circulation models as represented by the simple biosphere model (SiB), /. Appl. Meteorol. 28, 833-855. 

Schneider T (2007) The thermal stratification of the extratropical troposphere. In The Global Circulation of the Atmosphere. Schneider T, Sobel AH (eds) Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 47-77 Spicer RA, Harris NBW, Widdowson M, Herman AB, Guo S, Valdes PJ, Wolfe JA, Kelley SP (2003) Constant elevation of southern Tibet over the past 15 million years. Nature 421 622-624 Spicer RA, Herman A, Kennedy EM (2005) The sensitivity of CLAMP to taphonomic loss of foliar physiognomic characters. Palaios 20 429-438... 

As was learned in Section II.D, not much is known quantitatively about either the global circulation of sulfur compounds or their atmospheric photochemistry. It is assumed that atmospheric sulfides and oxides are produced at the surface and then converted to sulfuric acid and sulfate salts, which are removed from the atmosphere by rainout and dry deposition. 

The global chemistry transport model (CTM) part is based on the CHASER model, which is based on CCSR/NIES/FRCGC atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) version 5.7b. The basic features of the model have been already described in Sect. 2. The regional CTM part is based on WRF/Chem (Grell et al. 2005). The databases used are the following ... 

Russell, G., and J. Miller. 1990. "Global river runoff calculated from a global atmospheric general circulation model." Journal of Hydrology 117 241-254. 

Many features of atmospheric chemical transport can be inferred by inspection of the global-scale atmospheric circulation pattern. The west-to-east movement of industrial chemicals, such as acid rain precursors, is a familiar example in the midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Of course, these belts of wind, such as the midlatitude westerlies, are subject to modification on a smaller scale by a variety of local and regional conditions. For example, a wind rose from Chicago (Fig. 4-14) shows that despite the dominant southwesterly direction of the wind, wind from other directions also occurs. To explain such departures from the average global circulation pattern, atmospheric processes on smaller scales must be considered. 

Anthropogenic contamination reaches the ocean bottom in the northern part of the North Atlantic because of the deep convection of the North Atlantic Deep Water. Further south in the basin the contamination reaches to depths of 2000 m. The depth at which the profiles reach half their surface maximum is between 600 and 1000 m. Note that this depth is not greatly different from the value of 800 m estimated in Fig. 11.6 for the depth of ocean equilibrium required to accommodate about half of the fossil fuel released to the atmosphere. It has been shown with global circulation models that a present-day flux of 2.2 Pg y into the ocean is required to accommodate the inventory of GO2 indicated in Fig. 11.7 (Table 11.3). 

Newell, Reginald E., "The Global Circulation of Atmospheric Pollution", Scientific American, Vol. 224, No. 1, January 1971, Page... 

PCBs are globally circulated and are present in all environmental media. Atmospheric transport is the most important mechanism for global dispersion of PCBs. Biphenyls with 0-1 chlorine atom remain in the atmosphere, those with 1 chlorines gradually migrate toward polar latitudes in a series of volatilization/deposition cycles, those with 4-8 chlorines remain in mid-latitudes, and those with... 

Schlesinger, M.E., and Y. Mintz, Numerical simulation of ozone production, transport and distribution with a global atmospheric general circulation model. J Atmos Sci 36, 1325, 1979. 

Cubasch, U., Voss, R., Hegerl, G. C., Waszkewitz, J., and Crowley, T. J. (1997). Simulatkrn of the influence of solar radiation variations on the global climate with an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Climate Dynamics 13, 757-767. 

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