Asynchronous motion

As evidenced by Figure 10.15, some asynchronous motion does exist for this sample within the 2990 cm"1 band. The intensity of this behavior is an order of magnitude less than the synchronous motion, as noted by the scales of the maximum contour levels in both plots. This asynchronous data suggests that the two populations of C-H bonds (those on the backbone carbons, and those associated with the methyl groups) do not precisely orient in phase with one another. Since these data were collected at a frequency above the mechanical glass transition, this could be a manifestation of the appearance of glassy modes of re-... 

If the masses are displaced in an arbiPary way or arbiPary initial velocities are given to them, the motion is asynchronous, a complex mixture of synchronous and antisynchronous motion. But the point here is that even this complex motion can be broken down into two normal modes. In this example, the synchronous mode of motion has a lower frequency than the antisynchronous mode. This is generally Pue in systems with many modes of motion, the mode of motion with the highest symmePy has the lowest frequency. 

Figure 9 For quasi spherical proteins, the molecular size (measured here by N, the number of amino acid residues) is proportional to R2. However, IDPs (circled), dominated by asynchronized and fragmented motions exhibit lower R2 values than expected based on their length.

When, however, the rates of electron and proton transfer are comparable and coupled to each other, intermediate slopes are obtained (between -0.5 and -1.0) [76-78]. Accordingly, the measured Marcus slopes of-0.72 and -0.71 support the assignment of a concerted PCET process for the oxidation of the substituted phenols by the Cu metal complexes. Additionally, KIEs of 1.21 to 1.56 are also consistent with an asynchronous PCET process in which there is some proton motion but a large ET component in the transition state. 

G. Fuhr, R. Hagedom, T. Muller and J. Gimsa, Asynchronous travelling-wave induced linear motion of living cells, Studia Biophys, 140, 79-102 (1991). 

Development of model based DBS techniques exploiting the methods of nonlinear dynamics and statistical physics was pioneered by P. A. Tass, who proposed a number of approaches. The main idea of these approaches is that suppression of the pathological rhythm should be achieved in such a way that (i) activity of individual units is not suppressed, but only their firing becomes asynchronous, and (ii) the stimulation should be minimized, e.g., it is desirable to switch it off as soon as the synchrony is suppressed (see [48, 49] and references therein). Following these ideas we suggested in our previous publications [40, 41] a delayed feedback suppression control scheme (Fig. 13.5), cf. delayed and non-delayed techniques for stabilization of lowdimensional systems [5, 22, 39] and for control of noise-induced motion [24]. In our approach it is assumed that the collective activity of many neurons is reflected in the local field potential (LFP) which can be registered by an extracellular microelectrode. Delayed and amplified LFP signal can be fed back into the systems via the second or same electrode (see [37] and references therein for a description of one electrode measurement -stimulation setup.) Numerical simulation as well as analytical analysis of the delayed feedback control demonstrate that it indeed can be exploited for suppression of the collective synchrony. 

Figure 1-17. An asynchronous 2D IR spectrum of linear low-density polyethylene comparing the strain-induced local reorientational motions of the main chain and side chain [46. ...

Figure 1-24. An asynchronous 2D IR spectrum of a blend comparing the reorientational motions of transition dipoles associated with the polystyrene phenyl and poly(vinyl methyl ether) methoxyl groups [57].

If the main chain takes part in the reorientation, it is expected that its motion will be, at least partially, shifted in phase with respect to the side chain (spacer and mesogen). A detailed 2D analysis [30] in the region of the v(CH ) bands (2926 and 2863 cm ) does not reveal any significant asynchronicity. Hence, we may conclude that the main chain does not take part in the reorientation, or it moves only slightly. 

The activation of these actuators can be simultaneous (synchronous driving) or selective/controlled (asynchronous driving), which can usually provide higher speed and smoother motion. 

Top Observed A° values and excited state lifetimes associated with the initial steps of the photoisomerization of Rh. Bottom Schematic representation of the excited state isomerization motion of PSB11 dominated by an asynchronous crankshaft structure deformation (Frutos et al. 2007) and documented for a CASSCF/AMBER model of Rh... 

For long-span bridges, one of the principal design issues is the asynchronous earthquake excitation. While a normal structure frequently has a rather limited imprint, a long-span bridge is supported by towers placed sometimes hundreds of meters away. Thus, the seismic excitation from pylon to pylon can vary in time and intensity, and a uniform ground motion assumption is not realistic anymore. 

Although the phenomenon is complex, the spatial variation of an earthquake mainly is divided for simplification in three effects and conditions the geometric incoherence effect, the wave passage effect, and the local soil conditions. The asynchronous earthquake motion in bridges has shown to have an effect on the deck displacement during earthquake, which in cable-supported bridges is in part mitigated by the cables. 

Burdette NJ, Elnashai AS, Lupoi A, Sextos AG (2008) The effect of asynchronous earthquake motion on complex bridges. Part 1 methodology and input motion. J BrEng ASCE 13(2) 158-165 Duan YF, Ni YQ, Ko JM (2006) Cable vibration control using magnetorheological dampers. J Intell Mater Syst Struct 17(4) 321-325... 

Spatial Variability of the Seismic Action Asynchronous Ground Motions... 

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