Aspiration accident

Three of five men, who lost consciousness within a few minutes of entering a partially drained underground liquid manure storage tank, died before reaching the hospital autopsy showed that two had massive liquid manure pulmonary aspiration, while the third had fulminant pulmonary edema without manure aspiration (Osbem and Crapo 1981). Markedly elevated heart-blood sulfide-ion levels indicated significant hydrogen sulfide exposure. Air samples analyzed about a week after the accident detected only 76 ppm of hydrogen sulfide, but the study authors noted that the environmental conditions were probably different (e g., warmer weather, less-concentrated manure). 

Chemical disasters are not very easy to predict and prevent. Depending on the extent of the accident, they may produce the following health manifestations asphyxiation, central nervous system depression, defeating dermatitis, aspiration pneumonitis, myocardial sensitization and irritability and hepatorenal toxicity. 

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Use of a water aspirator rather than a mechanical pump is discouraged because of the chance of accident. The product reacts with extreme violence when it comes in contact with water. 

In an organization aspiring to best practice, accidents are viewed as the result of an error in the system of work and as a positive opportunity to modify a system that has failed. Accidents are investigated in terms of non-culpable error with a clear focus on the people/enviromnent/machinety/material/work practices relationship. 

At less than 2% in the clinical investigations acute renal failure, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular accident, sepsis, meningitis, psychotic disorder, suicidal ideation, respiratory distress, rhabdomyolysis, electrocardiogram abnormal, stupor, loss of consciousness, incoherent, clonic convulsion and grand mal convulsion. Rare instances of fatal pneumonia aspiration and suicide attempt were reported (<1%). 

The risk of sudden death has been well documented both in the USA (Bass, 1970) and the UK (Watson, 1979 Anderson et al, 1985). Approximately half of the recognised fatalities appear to be caused by a direct toxic effect of the solvent, probably on the heart. The other half are attributable to more indirect causes such as aspiration of vomit, plastic bag suffocation, and accidents sustained while intoxicated (Anderson et al, 1985). 

Nothing can be stated about the validity of either of these hypotheses when based on accident distributions only. Special methods and procedures are necessary. Studies which attempt to estimate the combined effects of person and environmental variables in areas other than accident research are becoming more common (Mischel 1968). In the area of accident research there are only a few studies which allow for the estimation of the situational and personal involvement in the accident process. Marek Sten s (1977) aspiration of a differential hypothesis is yet to be actualized the deviation concept (Hale S Perusse 1978, Kjellen 1984) is a promising start in this area. 

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