Aspergillus mycotoxins

Burow, G.B. T.C. Nesbitt J. Dunlap N.P. Keller. Seed lipxygenase products modulate Aspergillus mycotoxin biosynthesis. MPMI 997, 10, 380-387. 

A selective analytical method based on HPLC, combined with atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) mass spectrometry, has been developed for the simultaneous determination of NTV and DON. A liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS) method based on time-of-flight MS (TOF/MS) with a real-time reference mass correction technique was also developed for the simultaneous determination of Fusarium mycotoxins (NIV, DON, fusarenon-X, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, ZEN) and Aspergillus mycotoxins (ailatoxin Bl, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin Gl, aflatoxin G2) in com, wheat, cornflakes, and biscuits [112]. 

Geiser D M, Domer J W, Horn B W, and Taylor J W (2000), The phylogenetics of mycotoxin and sclerotium production in Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus oryzae , Fungal Genet. Biol., 31, 169-179. 

The stages in commodity handling at which aflatoxin and other mycotoxins can be detected and their amounts modified are shown in Figure 9.4. Aspergillus spp. thrive in hot, humid, subtropical and tropical climates. When environmental conditions favor aflatoxin production, accumulation is rapid, both in the field and in storage. 

In general, mycotoxin contamination of foods and feeds and the associated problems are primarily influenced by the location of production, storage, and marketing. The Aspergillus species that produce mycotoxins are more common in the warmer, subtropical and tropical areas than in the temperate areas of the world. However, stringent government regulations for mycotoxins and risk analyses are more common in temperate areas than in the warmer areas of the world, where it becomes both a health and a financial problem. 

Hicks, J.K. et al., Aspergillus spomlation and mycotoxin production both require inactivation of the FadA G protein-dependent signaling pathway, EM BO J., 16, 4916, 1997. 

Aflatoxins Contaminant (mycotoxin) Produced by Aspergillus flavus, especially grains, corn, and peanuts carcinogenic and hepatotoxic... 

Felix D Mello. J.P., MacDonald, A.M.C., Postel, D., Dijksrna, W.T.P., Dujardin, A. and Placinta, C.M. 1998. Pesticide use and mycotoxin production in Fusarium and Aspergillus phytopathogens. European Journal of Plant Pathology 104 741-751. 

Mycotoxins of most interest are those found in human food or in the feed of domestic animals. They include the ergot alkaloids produced by Claviceps sp aflatoxins and related compounds produced by Aspergillus sp and the tricothecenes produced by several genera of fungi imperfecti, primarily Fusarium sp. 

Neoxaline, C23H25N5O4, a new metabolite of Aspergillus japonicus, exhibits similarities to oxaline in its i.r. and n.m.r. spectra, and may be an indole derivative, but nothing further is known of its constitution as yet.38a Similarly, three new tremorgenic mycotoxins from Penicillium janthinellum, janthitrems A, B, and C, may also be indole derivatives.386... 

---