Ergot alkaloids producers

For example, ergot alkaloids produce without exception blue chromatogram zones, while clavine alkaloids primarily produce green colors [4], Urea derivatives and primary aromatic amines yield yellow chromatogram zones [28,33,34,36,37] and PR toxin and PR imine emit intense blue fluorescence on excitation with long-wavelength UV light (X = 365 nm) [44],... 

In addition to the effects noted above, the ergot alkaloids produce a variety of other central nervous system and peripheral effects. Detailed structure-activity analysis and appropriate semisynthetic modifications have yielded a large number of agents of interest. 

Mycotoxins of most interest are those found in human food or in the feed of domestic animals. They include the ergot alkaloids produced by Claviceps sp aflatoxins and related compounds produced by Aspergillus sp and the tricothecenes produced by several genera of fungi imperfecti, primarily Fusarium sp. 

Figure7 Neighbor joining phylogeny based on a partial dmaW alignment of DNA sequences from ergot alkaloid producing Neotyphodium, Balansia, and Claviceps species.

Examples of mycotoxins include the ergot alkaloids produced when the ergot fungus grows on rye (responsible for outbreaks of a disease called ergotism, or St Anthony s Fire), trichothecanes produced by Fusarium species (associated with alimentary toxic aleukia fatalities in the Second World War) and the aflatoxins. 

Numerous matabolites other than the ones discussed above have been isolated from ergot alkaloid-producing genera, especially in the 1970s and 1980s. Some, the indole mevalonates, are listed below, as related to ergolines in some way. (Usually, only the most recent references are given, which should enable the reader to follow the studies carried out in connection with a particular alkaloid). 

Cvak, L., Jegorov, A., Sedmera, R, Havlicek, V., Ondracek, J., Husak, M., Pakhomova, S., Kratochvil, B. and Granzin, J. (1994) Ergogaline, a new ergot alkaloid, produced by Claviceps purpurea—isolation, identification, crystal-structure and molecularconformation./. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 8, 1861-1865. 

Only alkaloids isolated from different Claviceps species are described in this chapter. EA produced by other fungi and higher plants are the subject of the Chapter 18. Beside this limitation, nearly 70 ergot alkaloids, produced by genus Claviceps, are discussed here. 

Trejo Hernandez, M.R. and Lonsane, B.K. (1993) Spectra of ergot alkaloids produced by Claviceps purpurea 1029c in solid-state fermentation system Influence of the composition of liquid medium used for impregnating sugar-cane pith bagasse. Process Biochem., 28, 23-27. 

Most of ergot alkaloid producers outside of Claviceps genus produce clavine alkaloids. They can be classified in three groups ... 

SCREENING OF THE ERGOT ALKALOID PRODUCERS AMONG THE FILAMENTOUS FUNGI... 

Table 1 Ergot alkaloid producers out of genus Claviceps...

OUTLOOK ON USING OF ERGOT ALKALOID PRODUCERS OUT OF THE GENUS CLAVICEPS IN PRACTICE... 

Yamatodani, S. and Yamamoto, I. (1983) Peptide-type ergot alkaloids produced by Hypomyces aurantius. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi, 57, 453-456. 

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