Aseptic packaging also

Nitrogen flushing is still the major application of MAP but the level of about 0.5% oxygen is already below the economic minimum achievable and, depending on the physical form of the food, it is often desirable to achieve lower levels, especially if the aim is to avoid antioxidant or preservative use (Abe and Kondoh, 1989). Estimates of the maximum tolerable oxygen uptake by some foods for a shelf-life of 1 year at 25°C have been tabulated by Koros (1990). This varies from 1-5 ppm for instant coffee, 5-15 ppm for dried foods and snacks and 50-200 ppm for oils that normally contain antioxidant. Aseptically packaged juices and dairy products are also very oxygen-sensitive. 

A second process that can be switched to its active state is under development and uses an entirely different chemistry in polymers. Such a system shows promise for preventing oxidation in aseptically packaged milk and juices. Systems described by Buckenham (1990) or FoUand (1990) might also be appropriate. 

As a result of extensive development and testing by thermoprocessing or aseptic techniques, the use of flexible, laminated aluminum pouches and formed aluminum containers for shelf-stable foods is nearing commercial reality. The increasing use of aluminum for food packaging has been made possible by successfully combining it with specialized plastics, papers, adhesives, and coatings. In many applications, aesthetic as well as protective characteristics are also provided. 

In the case of injectables and ophthalmic preparations which are manufactured aseptically but do not receive a sterilization treatment in their final container the packaging has to be sterilized. Dry heat at 170°C is often used for vials and ampoules. Containers and closures may also be sterilized by moist heat, chemicals and irradiation, but consideration for the destruction or removal of bacterial pyrogens may be necessary. 

Packaging. See also Food packaging Industrial materials packaging aluminum for, 2 339-340 aseptic, 18 32-33 child-resistant, 18 28 coffee, 7 259-260 consumer awareness of, 18 29 converting, 18 15-23 corrugated paperboard boxes, 18 16-20 cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, 28 24-30 effectiveness of, 28 28 electronic materials, 27 823-851 fiber drums and cans, 28 22 folding cartons, 18 21-22 food, 22 77... 

A very important aspect of dressings production is packaging. The packaging material must allow correct sterilization conditions (e.g. permeation of moisture or ethylene oxide), retain the dressing in a sterile condition and allow for its removal without contamination prior to use. All dressings intended for aseptic handling and application must be double wrapped. For steam sterilization they may be individually wrapped in fabric, paper or nylon and sterilized in metal drums, cardboard boxes or bleached Kraft paper. The choice of method also determines... 

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