As granulating agents

Binders are just one of the critical excipients for a successful wet granulation formulation, as they are used to create an ordered mixture of all the ingredients by creating a cohesive network. While more than 30 different materials have been studied over the years, currently there are only about a dozen binders that are commonly used as granulating agents and these can be subdivided into three main categories, (/ sugars such as... 

Polymers ndResins. / fZ-Butyl peroxyneopentanoate and other peroxyesters of neopentanoic acid can be used as free-radical initiators for the polymeri2ation of vinyl chloride [75-01-4] (38) or of ethylene [74-85-1]. These peresters have also been used in the preparation of ethylene—vinyl acetate copolymers [24937-78-8] (39), modified polyester granules (40), graft polymers of arninoalkyl acrylates with vinyl chloride resins (41), and copolymers of A/-vinyl-pyrrohdinone [88-12-0] and vinyl acetate [108-05-4] (42). They can also be used as curing agents for unsaturated polyesters (43). 

Have you ever wondered about the content of the small packets of granules included in boxes of new electronic devices, leather products, or medications Or have you simply heeded the warning label to dispose of the sachet immediately The granular desiccants in these packets have particular physical properties that enhance their function as drying agents. A look at the chemical structure or chemical properties of these materials provides a better understanding of their capacity to control moisture. 

Formulations of chlorpyrifos include emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, granules, pellets, microencapsulates, and impregnated materials. Suggested diluents for concentrates include water and petroleum distillates, such as kerosene and diesel oil. Carrier compounds include synthetic clays with alkyl/aryl sulfonates as wetting agents (Table 14.1). Little information is available to assess the influence of various use formulations on toxicity, dispersal, decomposition, and bioavailability. Chemical and other properties of chlorpyrifos are summarized in Table 14.2 and Figure 14.1. 

The carbon micronization system (CMS) is used for the disposal of agent-contaminated, activated charcoal that was used as an agent filtration medium in the pollution abatement system of the plant cascade ventilation system. CMS is a system that grinds the solid carbon granules into micronized particles so that the carbon can be thermally treated in its furnace. 

Often, a binding or adhesive granulating agent is required which may be added in solution or mixed with the tablet ingredients as a dry powder for subsequent activation by moisturing with an appropriate solvent. Many binders are hydrophilic colloids as, for example, polysaccharides (Table 5). 

Semicrystalline polyamide fine powders have been used as toughening agents for epoxy networks. The powders can be obtained by grinding granules, or directly by anionic polymerization of lactams, 6 or 12, in an organic solvent from which the formed semicrystalline polymer precipitates. Microporous powders with an average particle size in the range of 10 pm and a narrow particle-size distribution, are obtained. 

Fig. 7 (A) XRD patterns of theophylline phases. M, A, and A refer to theophylline monohydrate, stable anhydrous theophylline, and metastable anhydrous theophylline respectively. (B) Phase transitions during the drying of theophylline granules. PVP was the granulating agent. The integrated intensities of the 8.9, 9.4, and 7.0° 20 peaks unique to M, A, and A respectively were simultaneously monitored as a function of the drying time. (From Ref. . )...

Georgakopoulos PP, Malamataris S. Locust bean gum as granulating and binding agent for tablets. Fharm Ind 1980 42(6) 642-646. 

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