Granulating agents

Granular material Granular PTFE Granulated sugar Granulating agents Granulation... 

Various manufacturing processes can affect dissolution by altering the effective surface area of drug particles. Each of the individual processes mentioned here is discussed in more detail in Chapter 9. The effect of adding hydrophilic granulating agents to a dosage form has been discussed earlier (see Sec. III.A). 

Often, a binding or adhesive granulating agent is required which may be added in solution or mixed with the tablet ingredients as a dry powder for subsequent activation by moisturing with an appropriate solvent. Many binders are hydrophilic colloids as, for example, polysaccharides (Table 5). 

Granulating agents -for inorganic pigments [PIGMENTS - INORGANIC] (Vol 19)... 

Amount of granulating agent Solvent addition rate rpm Granulation time Yield... 

Fig. 7 (A) XRD patterns of theophylline phases. M, A, and A refer to theophylline monohydrate, stable anhydrous theophylline, and metastable anhydrous theophylline respectively. (B) Phase transitions during the drying of theophylline granules. PVP was the granulating agent. The integrated intensities of the 8.9, 9.4, and 7.0° 20 peaks unique to M, A, and A respectively were simultaneously monitored as a function of the drying time. (From Ref. . )...

Film-former granulating agent tablet binder. 

Base for medicated confectionery coating agent granulating agent sweetening agent tablet and capsule diluent. 

Coating agent diluent granulating agent sweetening agent. 

Binders are just one of the critical excipients for a successful wet granulation formulation, as they are used to create an ordered mixture of all the ingredients by creating a cohesive network. While more than 30 different materials have been studied over the years, currently there are only about a dozen binders that are commonly used as granulating agents and these can be subdivided into three main categories, (/ sugars such as... 

For a granulating agent to be effective, it is vital that it is able to form a film on the particle surface. Rowe (1989) has suggested that binders should be selected on the basis of their spreading coefficients, where the spreading coefficient is defined as the difference between the work of adhesion of the binder and the substrate and the work of cohesion of the binder. The commonly used granulating agents are listed in Table 11.13. 

Granulating agent Normal Usage Concentration (°/o) Comments... 

Armstrong, N. A., and F. S. S. Morton. 1977. The effect of granulating agents on the elasticity and plasticity of powders. /. Powder Bulk Solids Technol. 1 32. 

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