As an Edible Oil

Castor oil is classed as an industrial oil because it is used only for nonfood purposes (Section 5.1). Linseed oil also is used almost entirely for industrial purposes. In its limited use as an edible oil, it is generally known by its alternative name of flaxseed oil (Section 5.7). 

Poppy (Papaver somniferium). Opium is obtained from unripe capsules and from the straw of the poppy plant. The narcotic is not present in the seed, which is much used for birdseed. It contains 40-70% of a semi-drying oil used by artists and as an edible oil. Rich in linoleic acid (72%), it also contains palmitic (10%), oleic (11%), and linolenic acids (5%) (79, 164). 

Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Widely used as an edible oil. 

Corn oil has a long history of use as an edible oil and may be used in tablets or capsules for oral administration. 

Olive oil is used widely as an edible oil and in food preparations and products such as cooking oils and salad dressings. It is used in cosmetics and topical pharmaceutical formulations. Olive oil is generally regarded as a relatively nonirritant and nontoxic material when used as an excipient. 

Sesame oil is additionally used as an edible oil and in the preparation of oleomargarine. 

Sesame oil is mainly used in intramuscular and subcutaneous injections it should not be administered intravenously. It is also used in topical pharmaceutical formulations and consumed as an edible oil. 

Soybean oil may also be used in cosmetics and is consumed as an edible oil. As soybean oil has emollient properties, it is used as a bath additive in the treatment of dry skin conditions. 

Soybean oil is widely used intramuscularly as a drug vehicle or as a component of emulsions used in parenteral nutrition regimens it is also consumed as an edible oil. Generally, soybean oil is regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant material. However, serious adverse reactions to soybean oil emulsions administered parenterally have been reported. These include cases of hypersensitivity, CNS reactions, " and fat embolism. " Interference with the anticoagulant effect of warfarin has also been reported. ... 

Sunflower oil is widely used as an edible oil, primarily in oleomargarine. It is also used extensively in cosmetics and pharmaceutical formulations. 

Sesame oi. Oil obtained from the seeds of sesame, Sesamum indicum (5. orientale, Pedaliaceae). Sesame is cultivated as an oil plant mainly in India and China. The triglycerides of S. contain mainly oleic acid (35-46%) and linoleic acid (35-48%), together with 7-9% palmitic acid and 4-6% stearic acid. In India and East Asia S. is used as an edible oil, in Europe it is only of minor significance. The characteristic components of S. are the phenolic compounds sesamol, sesamolin, sesaminol, etc. (see sesamol). 

Mr. Ross was able to persuade the Department of Health and Welfare to withdraw its objection to the use of rapeseed oil as an edible oil, pending a submission showing the oil to be a safe ingredient in the diet of man. At the request of Mr. Ross, Dr. Sal Ians and Dr. Craig prepared a review of the avail-... 

Questions about the nutritional suitability of rapeseed oil were first raised in 1956 when the Food and Drug Directorate ruled that based on reports of animal feeding trials in the literature, rapeseed oil would not be approved as an edible oil. The objections of the Food and Drug Directorate to the use of rapeseed oil as an edible oil were withdrawn after a further review of the nutritional properties of rapeseed oil revealed that in its current limited use there was nothing to indicate that it was a hazard to health. 

The oil is a drying oil used principally as a component of paints, varnishes, linoleum and printing inks. It has been used as an edible oil, preferably after partial hydrogenation. 

Commercial quantities of mowrah butter are obtained by expelling. The oil is used for soap making and to a lesser extent as an edible oil. The meal contains a poisonous saponin, mowrin, which has been used to kill worms. 

Mustard is grown both as a summer and winter crop. The oil content of the seed varies (24—40%). The yield is approximately 1000 kg/hectare of seed. The oil, in some cases unrefined, is used for edible purposes in a number of countries. There is increasing interest in the crop as a source of erucic acid for the chemical industry (Knowles et aL, 1981). At the present time there is no edible oil market for mustard oils in the USA. Rapeseed oil (low erucic acid) has recently been permitted as an edible oil. 

The high-linoleate safflower is used as an edible oil and as a component of paints giving fast-drying nonyellowing properties (no linolenic acid). High-oleic acid safflower is used as a salad oil, as a stable cooking oil and in certain pharmaceutical and industrial applications. 

Partially hydrogenated whale oil has been widely used as an edible oil and also in soap and for a range of industrial uses. Whale stocks have become progressively depleted and there is increasing pressure for conservation (Table 3.192). 

Lepidium sativum (family Cruciferae) Distributed in the temperate zone. The seedlings of this species are used as a salad or to season salads. The seed oil is used as an edible oil. 

Rapeseed Canola) oil is used as an edible oil. It is susceptible to autoxidation because of its relatively high content of linolenic acid. It is saturated by hyrogenation to a melting point of 32-34 °C and, with its stability and melting properties, resembles coconut oil. 

Linseed Oil. Flax, used for fiber and seed production and the subsequent processing of the seed into linseed oil, is grown mainly in Canada, China and India (cf. Table 14.0). Due to its high content of linolenic acid (cf. Table 14.11), the oil readily autoxidizes, one of the processes by which some bitter substances are created. Since autoxidation involving polymerization reactions proceeds rapidly, the oil solidifies Jast drying oir). Therefore, it is used as a base for oil paints, varnishes and linoleum manufacturing, etc. A comparatively negligible amount, particularly of the coldpressed oil, is utilized as an edible oil. 

Poppy Oil is very rich in linoleic acid (Table 14.11). The cold-pressed oil from flawless seeds is colorless to fight yellow and can be used directly as an edible oil. 

The fany acid composhlDn of sunflower oil makes ii desirable as an edible oil. It follows ... 

Though more work is required to identify the differential effects of LN on chronic diseases and to clarify the ability to form DHA from LN in humans, the need for LN is evermore apparent, given that LN is by far the predominant form of omega-3 PUFA consumed while intakes of EPA and DHA are typically very low in the Western diet (Anderson and Ma, 2009). In addition, many studies indicated that the lower intake of LA as compared with LN will be favourable for human health as higher level of LA inhibits conversion of LN to EPA and DHA. Thus, canola oil with relatively higher ratio of LN to LA as compared with other major vegetable oils is a better choice as an edible oil for Western diet. 

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