Artistic

Mercury compounds (for example mercury(II) chloride) are used in medicine because of their antiseptic character. The artificial red mercury(Il) sulphide is the artist s vermilion . Mercury(II) sulphate is a catalyst in the manufacture of ethanal from ethyne ... 

Titanium dioxide is extensively used for both house paint and artist s paint, because it is permanent and has good covering power. Titanium oxide pigment accounts for the largest use of the element. Titanium paint is an excellent reflector of infrared, and is extensively used in solar observatories where heat causes poor seeing conditions. 

Once I had decided on a career in chemistry, I was determined rather single-mindedly to make a success of it. I sometimes think about what would have happened had I chosen a different occupation or field. Having a rather competitive nature, I could probably have done reasonably well in a number of other areas. Certainly for some fields you must be born with a special talent. Musical talent, artistic ability, business acumen, leadership ability, and vision can be further developed. 

Artificial kidney dialyser Artificial turf Artimte [12143-96-3] Artists colors Arvin [9046-56-4]... 

Also of value is the study of the history of technology (24,25) that affords insights into the history of the development of civilization. The eadiest existing written records, treatises of crafts people and artists on the techniques and materials with which they worked, date back to medieval times (26—29). For prehistoric human activities, the record is in the objects which remain, and only through the study of these can knowledge in this regard be furthered. 

The medium is the binder which provides for the adhesion of pigments. The most important types are the temper media (glue, egg, and gum), the oils, and wax. In addition, for wall painting there is the tme fresco technique, where the pigments are laid down in a fresh, wet plaster preparation layer. Several other media have been used, but much less frequendy, eg, casein temper. In modem paints, a number of synthetic resins are used for this purpose. Contemporary artist paints are often based on acryhc polymers (see Acrylic ester polymers Paints). 

Microscopic examination of cross sections through the paint layers gives definite information regarding the paint-layer sequence in the area from which the sample was taken (31,66). This information illustrates the artist s use of underlayers and glazes, superposition of compositional elements, and changes in composition. 

The various chemical and physical processes that play a role ia the deterioration of art objects are not restricted to the present, even though the contemporary environment has contributed significantly to the rate of decay. Revered masterpieces have lost splendor throughout the ages. Indeed, from textual evidence, it is known how artists ia the Renaissance restored works of art from Classical times. These restorers of past centuries attempted to return the object to its original appearance. The fallacy of that idea Hes ia the fact that they could not know the exact original appearance of the work, ie, immediately after its creation therefore, they restored the object according to their subjective opinions. 

N. S. BrommeUe and G. Thomson, eds.. Science andTechnology in the Service of Conservation, International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, London, 1982. 

R. Mayer, The Artist s Handbook of Materials and Techniques, The Viking Press, New York, 1991. 

R. L. FeUer, As., Artists Pigments A Handbook of Their Histoy and Characteristics, The National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1986. 

R. L. EeUer, in J. C. Williams, ed.. Preservation of Paper and Textiles of Historic and Artistic Value, Advances in Chemistry Series no. 164, American... 

L. A. Zycherman and J. R. Richard, M Guide to Museum Pest Control, Poundation of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works and the Association of Systematic CoUections, Washington, D.C., 1988. 

A small but artistically interesting use of fluorspar is ia the productioa of vases, cups, and other ornamental objects popularly known as Blue John, after the Blue John Mine, Derbyshire, U.K. Optical quaUty fluorite, sometimes from natural crystals, but more often artificially grown, is important ia use as iafrared transmission wiadows and leases (70) and optical components of high energy laser systems (see Infrared and RAMAN spectroscopy Lasers) (71). 

Lead Chloride. Lead dichloride, PbCl2, forms white, orthorhombic needles some physical properties are given in Table 1. Lead chloride is slightly soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid and ammonia and insoluble in alcohol. It is prepared by the reaction of lead monoxide or basic lead carbonate with hydrochloric acid, or by treating a solution of lead acetate with hydrochloric acid and allowing the precipitate to settle. It easily forms basic chlorides, such as PbCl Pb(OH)2 [15887-88 ] which is known as Pattinson s lead white, an artist s pigment. 

Ultramarine pigments ate used in printing inks, textiles, mbber, artists colors, cosmetics, and laundry bluing. Because of their thermal stabiHty they are also used to color roofing granules. 

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