Artificial physical characteristics

AH the isotopes of americium belonging to the transuranic subseries of the actinide series are radioactive and are artificially produced. Americium has similar chemical and physical characteristics and is hofflologous to europium, located just above it in the rare-earth (lanthanide) series on the periodic table. It is a bright-white malleable heavy metal that is somewhat similar to lead. Americiums melting point is 1,176°C, its boiling point is 2,607°C, and its density is 13.68g/cm. ... 

Artificial sediment formulated from constituents such as silica sand and peat moss according to standardized recipes, intended to match the physical characteristics (e.g., grain size, TOC) of the site under investigation. Volume 2(10). 

Tab. 1.8 The physical characteristics of artificial bilayers and biological membranes. (Reprinted from Table 2.3 of ref. 2, with permission from Macmillan)...

The ideal artificial tear would reproduce the metabolic, optical, and physical characteristics of natmal tears. Additionally, it would have a long ocular residence time and would contain therapeutic additives to treat primary and secondary damage to the eye. Supplementation of natural tears with a substance that prolongs residence time generally improves tear film breakup time (TBUT) and is superior to tear replacement fluids of low retention time. 

We, of course, recognize the fact that miik contains diftcrent animal bodies not present in ordinary artificial emulsions, which are prone to decomposition, so that the similarity drawn between the two is based more upon physical characteristics than their presenting any features in common chemically. 

Retrieval of logarithms of a physical characteristic, instead of absolute values is an obvious way to avoid negative values for positively defined values. However, the literature devoted to inversion techniques tends to consider this apparently useful tactic as an artificial trick rather than a scientific approach to optimize solutions. Such misconception is probably caused by the fact that the pioneering efforts on inversion optimization by... 

Modern food contains many additives to preserve it and enhance its flavor and appearance. Antimicrobial agents are added to food to inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds. Antioxidants keep food from oxidizing when exposed to air. Artificial colors enhance the appearance of food, and artificial flavors enhance its taste. Stabilizers keep food s physical characteristics stable (18.8). Modem foods are also grown with fertilizers to replenish nutrients in soils and pesticides to protect crops from insects and weeds (18.9, 18.10). 

As stated in the introduction to this chapter, artificial satelhtes are a very diverse family in terms of missions and physical characteristics (from a few centimeters to over 10 meters, from a kilogram to about 10 tons). We will discuss here the classic satellites, which are larger than what are usually called mini-satellites or micro-satellites, or even nano-satelhtes. 

Material characteristics, both chemical and physical, should be considered, especially flowabihty. Abrasiveness, friability, and lump size are also important. Chemical effects (e.g., the effect of oil on rubber or of acids on metal) may dictate the structural materials out of which conveyor components are fabricated. Moisture or oxidation effects from exposure to the atmosphere may be harmful to the material being conveyed and require total enclosure of the conveyor or even an artificial atmosphere. Obviously, certain types of conveyors lend themselves to such special requirements better than others. 

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