Americium melting point

AH the isotopes of americium belonging to the transuranic subseries of the actinide series are radioactive and are artificially produced. Americium has similar chemical and physical characteristics and is hofflologous to europium, located just above it in the rare-earth (lanthanide) series on the periodic table. It is a bright-white malleable heavy metal that is somewhat similar to lead. Americiums melting point is 1,176°C, its boiling point is 2,607°C, and its density is 13.68g/cm. ... 

After the discovery of plutoninm and before elements 95 and 96 were discovered, their existence and properties were predicted. Additionally, chemical and physical properties were predicted to be homologous (similar) to europium (gjEu) and gadolinium ( Gd), located in the rare-earth lanthanide series just above americium (gjAm) and curium ((,jCm) on the periodic table. Once discovered, it was determined that curium is a silvery-white, heavy metal that is chemically more reactive than americium with properties similar to uranium and plutonium. Its melting point is 1,345°C, its boihng point is 1,300°C, and its density is 13.51g/cm. ... 

Ununpentium is also known as eka-bismuth because it is homologous to the element bismuth located at the bottom of Group 15 (VA). Its melting point, boihng point, and density are unknown as are many of its other properties. Several isotopes of element 115 were produced by the nuclear reaction that bombarded calcium into a target americium, resulting in the fusion of the calcium nuclei with the americium nuclei to form isotopes of element 115 (ununpentium). 

Enough americium has been produced to determine a few of its properties. It is a silvery-white metal with a melting point of about 2,150°F (1,175°C) and a density of about 13.6 grams per cubic centimeter. A number of its compounds have been produced and studied, but only one isotope has considerable practical use outside the laboratory. 

Metallic americium has a face-centered cubic structure at its melting point and a double hexagonal closed-packed structure at temperatures below its melting point. The isotope americium-241 emits a-particles and y-rays in its radioactive decay, and is a source of y-radiation, used to measure the thickness of metals, coatings, degree of soil compaction, sediment concentration, and so on. The same isotope, mixed with beryllium, is used as a neutron source in oilwell logging and other applications. Americium-241... 

Recent studies on americium oxides include measurement of the melting point of Am203,2205 15°C [171], and the enthalpy of formation of Am02 (see also Chapter 17) [313]. 

There has been only one reported value for the melting point of californium metal, which was estimated to be 900 30°C from the puddling of metal particles in a thin film of the metal [70]. This melting point is lower than those reported for americium, curium or berkelium metals, but it is in accord with the higher volatility of californium metal, and the increasing trend toward divalency across the actinide series. 

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