Artemia salina bioassay

Kiviranta, J., Sivonen, K., andNiemela, S.l. 1991. Detection and toxicity of cyanobacteria by Artemia salina bioassay. 1991. Environ Toxicol Water Qual 6 423 26. 

Invertebrate species have been widely used in toxicity studies of pesticides [61]. Zooplankton play a key role in the food chain because they occupy a central position. Therefore, their responses to natural and anthropogenic stresses are intimately linked with other food predator organisms. The most widely accepted bioassays employ species such as Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia magna, Artemia salina, or Thamnocephalus platyurus [62-64]. D. magna has been used for many years as a standard aquatic test species and formally endorsed by the major international organizations such as the EEC, OECD, and ASTM [65-67]. Its choice is mainly because it represents the zooplankton community and is a species of worldwide occurrence. In addition, it has a greater sensitivity to toxicants, particularly pesticides, compared with other aquatic species [61,68] (Table 1). 

Zootoxicity of hemoiedemosides A (72) and B (73) from Hemoiedema spectabilis and their desulfated derivative 74 were evaluated using the brine shrimp Artemia salina larvae mortality bioassay [51]. Hemoiedemoside A (72) showed a noteworthy toxicity in this assay (LC50 47.5 ppm). Hemoiedemoside B (73) was 2 times less active (LC50 47.5 ppm) than glycoside 72 and nearly 10 times more active than the desulfated derivative 74 (LC50... 

In the marine environment there has been the first reported occurrence of so-called antifouling (namely, anticrustaceous activity) by (15 0)-anacardic acid. Thus bioassay-directed fractionation of the dichloromethane extract from twigs of Ozoroa insignis containing the phenolic lipid, was used with larvae from Artemia salina as a model to investigate the activity [296]. 

Nascimenlo, J.E., A.F.M. Melo, T.C. Lima E SUva, et al. 2008. Phytochemical screening and toxicological bioassay with brine shrimp larvae Artemia salina) of three medicinal species of the genus Phyllanthus (PhyUanthaceae). Rev. Cien. Farm. Basica Apl. 29(2) 143-148. 

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