Arsine treatment

Field First Aid Evacuate the Hot Zone at once when there is any release of arsine consider any victims who may have inhaled arsine to have suffered a potentially toxic dose. Although small amounts of arsine can be trapped in the victim s clothing or hair, these quantities are not likely to cause a danger for first response personnel outside the Hot Zone. Toxic effects could be delayed for up to two to twenty-four hours after exposure arsine exposure victims should all be evaluated at a medical facility. There is no specific antidote for arsine treatment is symptomatic and consists of actions to support respiratory, vascular, and renal functions. 

There is no specific antidote for arsine. Treatment relies on adequate respiratory and cardiovascular support with later renal replacement therapy for renal failure. 

Other Arsenic Hydrides. Diarsine [15942-63-9] AS2H4, occurs as a by-product in the preparation of arsine by treatment of a magnesium aluminum arsenide alloy with dilute sulfuric acid and also may be prepared by passing arsine at low pressure through an ozonizer-type discharge tube (19). Diarsine is fairly stable as a gas but quite unstable (above — 100°C) in condensed phases. The for diarsine is +117 4 kJ/mol (28 1 kcal/mol) and... 

Diarsines and Diarsenes. Under certain conditions, the reduction of compounds with two organic groups attached to arsenic may give rise to tetraalkyl-or tetraaryldiarsines. Thus a number of diarsines have been obtained by the reduction of arsinic acids with phosphorous or hypophosphorous acid (100). Diarsines can also be prepared by the treatment of a metal dialkyl- or diarylarsenide with iodine (101) or a 1,2-dihaloethane (102). 

A similar quantitative treatment of sulphoxides as hydrogen bonding acceptors has been obtained by comparing the IR frequency shift AvOH of the C—I bond in an acetylenic iodide such as IC=CI (Avc j) due to formation of a C—T complex with phenol in various bases. This investigation suggests that sulphoxides belong to the same family as carbonyls, phosphine oxides, arsine oxides and their derivatives90. 

Complexes with mixed C,P or C,As donor ligands are derived of ortho-metalated phosphines or arsines or of methanide derivatives. The dinuclear complexes [Au2(C6F[3-2-EPh2-6-R)2] (E = P (589), As R = H, Me) are obtained by reaction of 2-EPh2-6-R-C6F[3Li with [AuBr(PEt3)] at —70 °c.2002 2004,20 6 The treatment of the dimer [Au2(C6Fl4PPh2)2] with methyltriflate yields, unexpectedly, [Au5(C6Fl4PPh2)4]+.3134 The mixed dinuclear derivative [Au2(5-Me-C6H3-2-... 

The simplest analytical method is direct measurement of arsenic in volatile methylated arsenicals by atomic absorption [ 11 ]. A slightly more complicated system, but one that permits differentiation of the various forms of arsenic, uses reduction of the arsenic compounds to their respective arsines by treatment with sodium borohydride. The arsines are collected in a cold trap (liquid nitrogen), then vaporised separately by slow warming, and the arsenic is measured by monitoring the intensity of an arsenic spectral line, as produced by a direct current electrical discharge [1,12,13]. Essentially the same method was proposed by Talmi and Bostick [10] except that they collected the arsines in cold toluene (-5 °C), separated them on a gas chromatography column, and used a mass spectrometer as the detector. Their method had a sensitivity of 0.25 xg/l for water samples. 

In a study by Kensler et al. (1946), three monkeys were exposed by inhalation to arsine at a concentration of 0.45 mg/L (450 mg/m3 or 140 ppm) for 15 min. Although one monkey died in 24 h, one remaining monkey survived without treatment another was treated with 2,3-dimercaptopropyl ethyl ether. The surviving monkey that was not treated could "scarcely raise himself from the floor of his cage from the 2nd to the 7th days." The erythrocyte count of this monkey decreased to 65% of pre-treatment level in 24 h, and by d 3 1 decreased to approximately 20% prior to recovery. The monkey treated with... 

Treatment of the chelate complexes with a large excess of bromine in hot benzene gives the same complexes PtBr4 (arsine), indicating the resistance of the metal carbon ff-bond to attack by bromine and also excluding ) their alternative formulation as dimeric platinum(II) complexes [PtBrg (arsine Br2)]2-... 

Other organoarsenicals, most notably lewisite (dichloro[2-chlorovinyl]arsine), were developed in the early twentieth century as chemical warfare agents. Arsenic trioxide was reintroduced into the United States Pharmacopeia in 2000 as an orphan drug for the treatment of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia and is finding expanded use in experimental cancer treatment protocols (see Chapter 54). Melarsoprol, another trivalent arsenical, is used in the treatment of advanced African trypanosomiasis (see Chapter 52). 

Importantly, neither arsenobetaine nor arsenocholine forms an arsine on treatment with borohydride solutions. Consequently, arsenobetaine and arsenocholine may remain undetected in samples, seawater for example, when arsines are generated and determined in an arsenic speciation analysis. The technique HPLC/ICP-MS is most suitable for the analysis of these (non-arsine-forming) compounds (49). Use of the highly sensitive ICP-MS detector allows application of small quantities of material to the chromatography column, thereby obviating possible sample matrix effects previously observed for arsenobetaine (50). 

Compound 13 was the first arsenosugar to be synthesized (Fig. 4) (56). The orthoester 26 was transesterified with the alcohol 27 to give an intermediate orthoester, which rearranged on treatment with mer-cury(II) bromide to the riboside 28. Removal of the ester protecting groups yielded the triol 29, which was converted to the isopropylidene derivative and then the chloride 30. The key intermediate 31 was then prepared by treating the chloride 30 with dimethylarsinosodium after the method of Feltham et al. (62). Attempts to purify this arsine proved difficult. Instead, it was oxidized without purification, giving 32, which... 

Phase I of this project reviewed various processes to reduce, recycle and/or treat arsenic-laden wastes in a manner such that costs and disposal to the land are significantly reduced. The methods evaluated at various manufacturing stages included, buc were not limited to, separation, precipitation/fixation, ion exchange, and arsine generation. The information from Phase I was suitable for the design of a pilot scale treatment facility. 

The important inorganic toxic compounds to be considered in the following pages are arsine, arsenic trichloride, white arsenic, arsenites and arsenates and arsenic sulphides. Metallic arsenic itself is not poisonous, and the intravenous injection of a colloidal solution of this substance has been found 8 to benefit greatly a case of bone sarcoma of the femur which did not respond to X-ray treatment. 

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