Arsenic bioavailability

Williams, T.M., Rawlins, B.G., Smith, B. and Breward, N. (1998) In-vitro determination of arsenic bioavailability in contaminated soil and mineral beneflciation waste from Ron Phibun, southern Thailand a basis for improved human risk assessment. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 20(4), 169-77. 

Roberts, S.M., Weimar, W.R., Vinson, J.R.T. et al. (2002) Measurement of arsenic bioavailability in soil using a primate model. Toxicological Sciences, 67(2), 303-10. 

Lake, G.E., Flerbert, B.E. and Louchouarn, P. (2001) Quantification of arsenic bioavailability in spatially varying geologic environments at the watershed scale using chelating resin. Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society... 

Mkandawire, M., Lyubun, Y.V., Kosterin, P.V. and Dudel, E.G. (2004) Toxicity of arsenic species to Lemna gibba L. and the influence of phosphate on arsenic bioavailability, Environmental Toxicology 19 (1), 26-34. 

Ruby, M. V., Davis, A., Schoof, R., Eberle, S., etal. (1996). Estimation oflead and arsenic bioavailability using a physiologically based extraction test. Environ. Sd. Technol. 30, 422—430. 

Arsenic uptake from soil (i.e., arsenic bioavailability) depends on soluble arsenic species present in soil, on soil properties (i.e., the type and amount of the sorbent components of the soil), redox (Ej,) and pH conditions and microbiological activity (see Section 6.4.2.1). Uptake into plants further depends on phosphate (often originating from fertilizers) and vanadate levels, as the behavior of arsenate is similar to that of phosphates and vanadates (see also Section 6.6.1). 

Physical processes play a key role in governing arsenic bioavailability in aquatic environments. Eor example, arsenates are readily sorbed by colloidal humic material under... 

Davis A, Ruby MV, Bergstrom PD. 1992. Bioavailability of arsenic and lead in soils from the Butte, Montana, mining district. Environmental Science Technology 26 461-468. 

Although sequential fractionation procedures generally do not allow assessing the precise association of elements with each soil mineralogical phase, they can provide operationally defined phase associations and may be a powerful tool for the identification of some of the main binding sites, allowing to assess the potential for remobilisation and bioavailability of arsenic in polluted soils (Wenzel et al. 2001 Martin et al. 2007a). 

Pascoe, G.A., R.J. Blanchet, and G. Linder. 1994. Bioavailability of metals and arsenic to small mammals at a mining waste-contaminated wetland. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 27 44-50. 

Although the use of lead arsenate as an insecticide in orchards is diminishing, residues of lead still remain in the upper soil surface and will continue to be bioavailable almost indefinitely (Gilmartin et al. 1985). 

Attention focused on inorganic arsenical pesticides after accumulations of arsenic in soils eventually became toxic to several agricultural crops, especially in former orchards and cotton fields. Once toxicity is observed, it persists for several years even if no additional arsenic treatment is made (Woolson 1975). Poor crop growth was associated with bioavailability of arsenic in soils. For example, alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) grew poorly in soils con-... 

Prediction of arsenic releases from the wastes and their bioavailability and toxicity assessments require solubility and... 

The chemical form of arsenic in marine environmental samples is of interest from several standpoints. Marine organisms show widely varying concentrations of arsenic [4-6] and knowledge of the chemical forms in which the element occurs in tissues is relevant to the interpretation of these variable degrees of bioaccumulation and to an understanding of the biochemical mechanisms involved. Different arsenic species have different levels of toxicity [7] and bioavailability [8] and this is important in food chain processes, while physicochemical behaviour in processes such as adsorption onto sediments also varies with the species involved [9]. It has... 

Robinson, B., Outred, H., Brooks, R. Kirkman, J. 1995. The distribution and fate of arsenic in the Waikato river system, North Island, New Zealand. Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, 1, 89-96. 

Arsenic is another element with different bioavailability in its different redox states. Arsenic is not known to be an essential nutrient for eukaryotes, but arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) are toxic, with the latter being rather more so, at least to mammals. Nevertheless, some microorganisms grow at the expense of reducing arsenate to arsenite (81), while others are able to reduce these species to more reduced forms. In this case it is known that the element can be immobilized as an insoluble polymetallic sulfide by sulfate reducing bacteria, presumably adventitiously due to the production of hydrogen sulfide (82). Indeed many contaminant metal and metalloid ions can be immobilized as metal sulfides by sulfate reducing bacteria. 

Pouschat, P. and Zagury, G.J. (2006) In vitro gastrointestinal bioavailability of arsenic in soils collected near CCA-treated utility poles. Environmental Science and Technology, 40(13), 4317-23. 

Price, R.E. and Pichler, T. (2005) Distribution, speciation and bioavailability of arsenic in a shallow-water submarine hydrothermal system, Tutum Bay, Ambitle Island, PNG. Chemical Geology, 224(1-3), 122-35. 

Bhumbla, D.K. and Keefer, R.F. (1994) Arsenic mobilization and bioavailability in soils, in Arsenic in the Environment Part I Cycling and Characterization (ed. J.O. Nriagu), John Wiley Sons, Ltd., New York, pp. 51-82. 

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