Arrays module

The photo-detector array module disclosed in US-A-4304624 comprises a focal plane array of detectors which is directly mounted, without a separate substrate, on an end of a module formed by a layered structure. Electronic components are mounted in "wells" in the layered structure. The method of fabricating the structure is claimed in the patent and the photodetector mosaic array module is claimed in US-A-43S4107. 

Mapping Objects onto a Spatial Array The Mental Array Module (MAM)... 

LISA s Mental Array Module (MAM). Object units (large circles) represent locations (values) in the mental array and predicate units (triangles) represent the roles of the relations greater-than and less-than. Location-by-Relation (L x R) units mediate the communication between location units and relation units. See text for details. 

Figure 7. Nine-chip LSI gate array module with Cu/PI interconnects.

FIGURE 37.45 4 x 4 PbS detector array module. (Courtesy of Optical lustrumeut Ceutre, VTT, Fiulaud.)... 

PV systems consist of arrays of cells that ate interconnected in panels or modules to increase total power output. Often the systems include sun-tracking equipment, as well as power-conditioning equipment to convert dc to ac. The systems can range in size from a simple one-panel, fixed-orientation unit to a vast field of modules that accurately track the movement of the sun. Electric utiUties in Europe, Japan, and the United States have hosted several experimental PV power plants. The largest to date was a 5.5-MW plant at Carrisa Plains, California, built by Siemens Solar Industries (formerly ARCO Solar). 

Since 1970 the subject of amoiphous semiconductors, in particular silicon, has progressed from obscurity to product commercialisation such as flat-panel hquid crystal displays, linear sensor arrays for facsimile machines, inexpensive solar panels, electrophotography, etc. Many other appHcations are at the developmental stage such as nuclear particle detectors, medical imaging, spatial light modulators for optical computing, and switches in neural networks (1,2). 

A wide array of general-purpose distillation packages are available to the engineer. Some of the distillation software is stand-alone, whereas other packages are a part of a general-purpose flow sheet or process-simulation system. Because distillation is so universal, all process simulators have one or more distillation program modules for this unit operation. Often the nature of the distillation modules determines the suitabiUty of or the preference for the use of a specific simulator for an appHcation. 

Amorphous silicon modules experience a conversion efficiency loss of about 10 percent when initially exposed to sunlight, but then stabilize at the reduced figure. The mechanism for this reduction is being actively investigated, but is still not well understood. Individual modules made with other PV materials do not exliibit such loss of conversion efficiency, but combinations of modules in arrays do exhibit systematic reductions in power output over their lifetimes. Estimated at about 1 percent per year on average, based on data to date, these reductions are most likely associated with deteriorating electrical connections and non-module electrical components. 

Liquid micro-jet arrays have been successfully put to use. The module has proved capable of dissipating 129 W, with a heat flux of 300W/cm at a surface temperature of 80 °C, a considerable achievement at the present state of the art. Reduction of the system pressure made for lower boiling inception temperatures, thus allowing for higher heat removal rates at lower surface temperatures. 

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