Arrays antibody-coated

Capture and Quantitation of Aft Using Antibody-Coated ProteinChip Arrays... 

The development of an effective AIDS vaccine is difficult owing to the antigenic diversity of HIV strains. Because its mechanism for replication is quite error prone, a population of HI V presents an ever-changing array of coat proteins. Indeed, the mutation rate of HIV is more than 65 times higher than that of influenza virus. A few broadly neutralizing antibodies have been isolated from asymptomatic, HIV infected persons. Several of these antibodies show an unusual form, described in Section 33.3, that allows them to bind many types of HIV. 

It has to be taken into account that microorganisms can also be separated, identified, and characterized by CE without the necessity of using PCR. A comprehensive review of Desai and Armstrong [71] gives details about these possibilities, such as the recent paper of Gao et al. [72] who detected Staphylococcus aureus by a combination of monoclonal antibody-coated latex and CE. CZE separations were performed on a Beckman P/ACE MDQ System equipped with aphotodiode array detector. A27-cm-long capillary column was used for the separation (20 cm to the detection window) applying 215 kV at a constant temperature of 25°C. 

Figure 16.5 Immunostained peptide arrays after various treatments of fixation, protein cross-linking, and antigen retrieval, as indicated at the top. Each row has a different peptide that is immunoreactive for the antibody denoted to the left. Column A represents the baseline condition, without any treatment whatsoever. Column B shows immunoreactivity of each peptide after overnight formalin fixation. Column C shows the immunoreactivity after first coating the array with an irrelevant protein (casein) followed by overnight formalin fixation. Column D illustrates the immunoreactivity of the peptides after the treatment of column C, and then antigen retrieval. Reproduced with permission from Reference 15, 2006 American Society for Clinical Pathology.

Aroxmd the same time, Beckman Instruments (now Beckman Coulter) had begun an array-based product development program focused on the use of modified plastics. Silzel and coworkers (1998) and Matson et al. (2001) of Beckman Coulter were among the first to pursue printing of antibodies onto a plastic surface in a microarray format. Silzel et al. immobilized biotinylated monoclonal antibodies onto an avidin-coated polystyrene surface and performed micro-ELISA-based isotyping of IgG species. Matson et al. 

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