Aromatic ArCH

C-H methylene C-H, associated with linear aliphatic R(CH2)nR C-H methylene C-H, associated with branched aliphatic RC(CH3)3 or RCH(CH3)2 C-H aromatic (ArCH)... 

Aromatic (ArCH,) Aromatic (ArCH,) Aromatic (ArCH,) Hydrocarbons, aromatic Hydrocarbons, aromatic Hydrocarbons, aromatic Hydrocarbons, aromatic Hydrocarbons, aliphatic... 

When an aromatic ring is treated with diethyl oxomalonate, (Et00C)2C=0, the product is an arylmalonic acid derivative, ArC(OH)(COOEt)2, which can be converted to an arylmalonic acid, ArCH(COOEt)2. This is therefore a way of applying the malonic ester synthesis (10-104) to an aryl group (see also 13-12). Of course, the opposite mechanism applies here The aryl species is the nucleophile. 

The condensation of aromatic aldehydes with anhydrides is called the Perkin reaction When the anhydride has two a hydrogens (as shown), dehydration always occurs the P-hydroxy acid salt is never isolated. In some cases, anhydrides of the form (R2CHC0)20 have been used, and then the hydroxy compound is the product since dehydration cannot take place. The base in the Perkin reaction is nearly always the salt of the acid corresponding to the anhydride. Although the Na and K salts have been most frequently used, higher yields and shorter reaction times have been reported for the Cs salt. Besides aromatic aldehydes, their vinylogs ArCH=CHCHO also give the reaction. Otherwise, the reaction is not suitable for aliphatic aldehydes. ... 

Hydrazones of the form ArCH=NNH2 react with HgO in solvents such as diglyme or ethanol to give nitriles (ArCN). Aromatic hydroxylamines (Ar—NH-—OH) are easily oxidized to nitroso compounds (Ar—N=0), most commonly by acid dichromate. ... 

Chen, YP, AR Glenn, MJ Dilworth (1985) Aromatic metabolism in Rhizobium trifolii—catechol 1,2-dioxy-genase. Arch Microbiol 141 225-228. 

Chen YP, MJ Dilworth, AR Glenn (1984) Aromatic metabolism in Rhizobium trifolii—protocatechnate 3,4-dioxygenase. Arch Microbiol 138 187-190. 

Emerson D, S Chauhan, P Oriel, JA Breznak (1994) Haloferax sp. D1227, a halophilic Archaeon capable of growth on aromatic compounds. Arch Microbiol 161 445-452. 

Gorny N, G Wahl, A Brune, B Schink (1992) A strictly anaerobic nitrate-reducing bacterium growing with resorcinol and other aromatic compunds. Arch Microbiol 158 48-53. 

Hino S, H Tauchi (1987) Production of carbon monoxide from aromatic acids by Morganella morganii. Arch Microbiol 148 167-171. 

Altenschmidt U, G Fucbs (1991) Anaerobic degradation of toluene in denitrifying Pseudomonas sp. indication for toluene metbylbydroxylation and benzoyl-CoA as central aromatic intermediate. Arch Microbiol 156 152-158. 

Taylor BF, MJ Heeb (1972) The anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds by a denitrifying bacterium. Radioisotope and mutant studies. Arch Microbiol 83 165-171. 

ZellnerG, A Jargon (1997) Evidence fora tungsten-stimulated aldehyde dehydrogenase activity of ZJe MZ/ovZfcrZo simplex that oxidizes aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes Arch Microbiol 168 480-485. 

Elsden SR, MG Hilton, DA Hopwood (1976) The end prodncts of the metabolism of aromatic acids by Clostridia. Arch Microbiol 107 283-288. 

Dangel W, R Brackmann, A Lack, M Mohamed, J Koch, J Oswald, B Seyfried, A Tschech, G Fnchs (1991) Differential expression of enzyme activities initiating anoxic metabolism of varions aromatic compounds via benzoyl-CoA. Arch Microbiol 155 256-262. 

Cerniglia CE, SA Crow (1981) Metabolism of aromatic hydrocarbons by yeasts. Arch Microbiol 129 9-13. 

Gopner A, SL Daniel, HE Drake (1994) Acetogenesis coupled to the oxidation of aromatic aldehyde groups. Arch Microbiol 161 126-131. 

Heider J et al. (1998) Differential induction of enzymes involved in anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica. Arch Microbiol 170 120-131. 

Wheelis M, NJ Palleroni, RY Stanier (1967) The metabolism of aromatic acids by Pseudomonas testosteroni and P. acidovorans. Arch Mikrobiol 59 302-314. 

Engesser KH, MA Rubio, DW Ribbons (1988a) Bacterial metabolism of side chain fluorinated aromatics cometabolism of 4-trifluoromethyl (TFM)-benzoate by 4-isopropylbenzoate grown Pseudomonas putida IT strains. Arch Microbiol 149 198-206. 

Kulla HG, F Klausener, U Meyer, B Liideke, T Leisinger (1983) Interference of aromatic sulfo groups in the microbial degradation of the aza dyes Orange I and Orange II. Arch Microbiol 135 1-7. 

Bache R, N Pfennig (1981) Selective isolation of Acetobacterium woodii on methoxylated aromatic acids and determination of growth yields. Arch Microbiol 130 255-261. 

Rabus R, F Widdel (1995) Anaerobic degradation of ethylbenzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons by new denitrifying hacter m. Arch Microbiol 163 96-103. 

Smith RV, Rosazza JP (1974) Microbial models of mammalian metabolism. Aromatic hydroxylation. Arch Biochem Biophys 161(2) 551-558... 

The relatively basic (hydroxyalkyl)phosphines act toward LMCs as reductants and, compatible with this, also as strong nucleophiles. We have studied such reactions in aqueous and D2O solutions by P-, H-, and C-NMR spectroscopies (including 2D correlation methods), product isolation and, when possible, X-ray analysis of isolated compounds or their derivatives. Thus, aromatic aldehyde moieties present in lignin (e.g., 3) are reduced to the corresponding alcohols (see 4) with co-production of the phosphine oxide in D2O, -CH(D)OD is formed selectively (36). The mechanism proceeds via a phosphonium species formed by initial nucleophilic attack of the P-atom at the carbonyl C-atom, i.e., via ArCH(OH)P%, where Ar is the aromatic residue and R is the hydroxyalkyl substituent (36). When the aldehyde contains a 4-OH substituent, the alcohol product... 

Davis KR, Schultz TW, Dumont JN (1981) Toxic and teratogenic effects of selected aromatic amines on embryos of the amphibian Xenopus laevis. Arch Environ Contamin... 

With RNH2 the products are also imines these, too, are usually unstable unless one of the substituents on the carbonyl carbon atom is aromatic, e.g. ArCH=NR—the stable products are then known as Schiff bases. With R2NH, the initial adduct (74) cannot lose water in the normal way some such species have been isolated but they are not particularly stable. If, however, the adduct has any a-H atoms then a different dehydration can be made to take place yielding an enamine (75) ... 

Helmstetter, M.F., Alden III, R.W. (1994) Release rates of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from natural sediments and their relationship to solubility and octanol-water partitioning. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26, 282-291. 

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