Gain curve

The efficiency of a helium—neon laser is improved by substituting helium-3 for helium-4, and its maximum gain curve can be shifted by varying the neon isotopic concentrations (4). More than 80 wavelengths have been reported for pulsed lasers and 24 for continuous-wave lasers using argon, krypton, and xenon lasing media (111) (see Lasers). 

First one assumes that the final closed loop compensation network will have a continuous -20dB/decade slope. To achieve a 15 kHz cross-over frequency, the amplifier must add gain to the input signal and push-up the gain curve of the Bode plot. 

The resulting average slope of the closed-loop gain curve should be an average of -20dB/decade. 

FREQUENCY SHIFT FROM CENTER OF GAIN CURVE (GH ... 

Fig. 11. Intensity of the single mode of Ar+ 514.5 nm as mode is swept through gain curve. The single mode will match the iodine transition line and will be absorbed ( 1).

The above equation then represents the balanced conditions for steady-state reactor operation. The rate of heat loss, Hl, and the rate of heat gain, Hq, terms may be calculated as functions of the reactor temperature. The rate of heat loss, Hl, plots as a linear function of temperature and the rate of heat gain, Hq, owing to the exponential dependence of the rate coefficient on temperature, plots as a sigmoidal curve, as shown in Fig. 3.14. The points of intersection of the rate of heat lost and the rate of heat gain curves thus represent potential steady-state operating conditions that satisfy the above steady-state heat balance criterion. 

Fig. 3.14 shows the heat gain curve, Hq, for one particular set of system parameters, and a set of three possible heat loss, Hl, curves. Possible curve intersection points. A] and C2, represent singular stable steady-state operating curves for the reactor, with cooling conditions as given by cooling curves, 1 and III, respectively. 

Figure 7.28 Bode plot of open-loop gain of OA (lines A and B), cell attenuation (line C), modified open-loop gain (curve D), and uncompensated open-loop gain (E). See the text for details.

Figure 3. Spectral gain curve of C153 in EtOH (squares) and in ORMOSIL (dots) pumped at 337 nm.

FIGURE 1 Theoretical prediction (solid lines) and experimental results (triangles) for the gain curve of the nitride laser. 

FIGURE 3 Modal gain curves for wurtzite GaN and zincblende GalnP QWs. 

Figure 1. Kinetic weight gain curves of AP-MgO treated with CF2C12 at 450 (1), 400 (2), 350 (3) and 325°C (4).

I2 transitions excited within the gain curve of a doubled Nd YAG laser at 532 nm. Frequencies of I2 transitions are given in vacuum wavenumber (cm ) units for the major peaks, along with assignments. A multimode laser will excite primarily the three strong central lines. 

However, diode lasers have some negative characteristics that must be overcome for use in Raman spectroscopy. Their broad gain curves permit drift in the output wavelength, and their mode structure is difficult to stabilize. The result is uncertainty in output wavelength and observed Raman shift. Diode lasers of the type shown in Figure 7.5 have high divergence and are less easily filtered and focused than ion or Nd YAG lasers. Modifications to alleviate these problems are described in the next section. 

The mass gain curves from the thermogravimetry experiments at 1000°C are represented in Fig. 5. All investigated systems show a very fast initial mass gain corresponding to the transitional fast growth of metastable, non-protective alumina modifica-... 

Fig. 5. Mass gain curves of the thermogravimetry experiments in He with 5 10 6bar oxygen partial pressure at 1000°C...

The intensity curves iz(t) for a-Al203 from Fig. 15 correspond to the mass gain curves for the total oxide scale in Fig. 8. Both thermogravimetry and in situ X-ray diffraction lead to the result that 0-NiAl + Ce forms a thicker oxide scale than the other... 

Fig. 14. Schematic illustration of the stages ofTiAl oxidation by means of the weight gain curve and the corresponding microstructures of the oxide scale.

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