Arginine supplemental

Patients who survive the neonatal period can be maintained with a low-protein diet and sodium benzoate. A useful therapeutic adjunct for citrullinemia and argininosuccinic aciduria is dietary arginine supplementation, which enhances the ability to eliminate nitrogen as either citrulline or argininosuccinate. Maintaining normal arginine levels also facilitates protein synthesis. 

Finally, NO has significant involvement in both acute and chronic inflammation. In acute inflammation, NO promotes swelling and increased vascular permeability. In animal models of acute inflammation, NOS inhibitors have a dose-dependent protective effect. In models of chronic inflammation (arthritis), NO is detrimental and L-arginine supplementation causes inflammatory exacerbation. At a molecular level, NO stimulates inflammation by activating the cyclooxygenase enzyme. Further supportive data are provided by the observation that fluid drained from the swollen joints of people with arthritis contains peroxynitrate and other oxidation products of NO. 

Nitric oxide has a role in both acute and chronic inflammation. NOS-3 is involved in the vasodilation associated with acute inflammation. In experimental models of acute inflammation, inhibitors of NOS-3 have a dose-dependent protective effect, suggesting that nitric oxide promotes edema and vascular permeability. Nitric oxide has a detrimental effect in chronic models of arthritis dietary L-arginine supplementation exacerbates arthritis whereas protection is seen with NOS-2 inhibitors. Psoriasis lesions, airway epithelium in asthma, and inflammatory bowel lesions in humans all demonstrate elevated levels of nitric oxide and NOS-2. Synovial fluid from patients with arthritis contains increased oxidation products of nitric oxide, particularly peroxynitrite. 

Pulmonary hypertension is a very different disease from the more common systemic hypertension. It occurs in people with sickle-cell disease and sometimes in newborns. Pulmonary hypertension, it now appears, involves arginine metabolism and NO availability. Arginine supplementation has been shown to improve this disease by increasing levels of the substrate for NO production. 

Typical arginine supplements provide 500 mg of the amino acid per capsule. That s one-half gram. To get, for example, 9 grams of arginine, one would have to swallow eighteen capsules a day, on an hourly basis for best effect. That would be both impractical and very expensive. 

AndohTF, Gardner MP, Bennett WM. Protective effects of dietary L-arginine supplementation on chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity.Transplantation 1997 64 1236-1240. 

KurujM, Ejrefoglu M, BayA,OzturkF. Protective effect of oral L-arginine supplementation on cyclosporine induced nephropathy in rats. Int Urol Nephrol 2005 37 587-594. 

Lerman A, Burnett JC Jr, Higano ST, McKinley LJ, Holmes DR Jr. 1998. Long-term L-arginine supplementation improves small-vessel coronary endothelial function in humans. Circulation 97 2123-28... 

The first can be accomplished by restriction of dietary protein and administration of a-keto analogues of essential amino acids. Arginine supplementation as a precursor of ornithine is essential to the urea cycle. The diversion... 

Khan, F. and Belch, J.J., Skin blood flow in patients with systemic sclerosis and Raynauds phenomenon effects of L-arginine supplementation, J. Rheumatol, 1999, 26, 2389-2394. 

StechmiUer, J.K., 2005. Arginine supplementation and woimd healing. Nutr. Clin. Pract. 20... 

Protein restriction essential amino acid and arginine supplementation (in conjunction with carbamylglutamate)... 

Ornithine tianscarbeunylase (OTC) deficiency intellectual disability Ornithine transcarbamylase Hyperaimnonemia, respiratoiy alkalosis Lethargy, vomiting, apnea, coma and death if untreated intellectual disability Protein restriction essential amino acid and arginine supplementation (in conjrmction with nitrogen scavenging medications) None... 

Hyperornithinemia- Defect in mitochondrial hyperammonemia- transport of ornithine homocitrulhnuiia (HHH syndrome) Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism Hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia, homocitrullinuria, hyperglutaminemia, hyperalaninemia Ataxia, lethargy, vomiting, choreoathetosis, seizures, coma, developmental delay Protein restriction arginine supplementation None... 

The effects of oral L-arginine on vascular health and disease have been examined both in human beings and various animal models. In a recent review, Preli et al. (2002) summarized the results of oral l-arginine supplementation on athersclerotic lesion formation, as well as markers of endothelial function (e.g. macrophage function, platelet aggregation and adhesion, and in vitro vascular ring studies). 

L-arginine supplementation does not affect lesion formation in western type diet-fed Apo E KO mice, but it negates the protective effect of iNOS gene deficiency in Apo E/iNOS double KO mice suggesting that L-arginine supplementation may paradoxically contribute to, rather than reduce, lesion formation by mechanisms that involve lipid oxidation, peroxynitrite formation, and NOS uncoupling (66). 

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