Aquifers bacteria

Kane SR, Seller HR, Legler TC, Koester CJ, Pinkart HC, Halden RU, Happel AM (2001) Aerobic biodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether by aquifer bacteria from leaking underground storage tank sites. Appl Environ Microbiol 67 5824-5829... 

Consortium Enrichment from activated sludge, mixed culture provided by J. Salanitro, DIEE-degrading biofilter enrichment and contaminated aquifer bacteria MTBE, BTEX [43]... 

Enrichment Contaminated aquifer bacteria enrichment in upflow submerged biofilter MTBE [40]... 

BeUer HR. (2002). Anaerobic biotransformation of RDX (hexahydro-13,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazine) by aquifer bacteria using hydrogen as the sole electron donor. Water Research 36 2533-2540. 

There are concerns that land application of sludge will result in an increase of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, chemicals and metals in drinking water reservoirs, aquifers, and the food chain. This raises additional concerns of cumulative effects of metals in cropped soils. Research shows that if metals such as zinc, copper, lead, nickel, mercury, and cadmium are allowed to build up in soils due to many applications of sludges over the years, they could be released at... 

Wilson JT, McNabb JF, Balkwill DL, et al. 1983a. Enumeration and characterization of bacteria indigenous to a shallow water-table aquifer. Ground Water 21 134-142. 

Holm PE, PH Nielsen, H-J Albrechtsen, TH Christensen (1992) Importance of unattached bacteria and bacteria attached to sediment in determining potentials for degradation of xenobiotic organic contaminants in an aerobic aquifer. Appl Environ Microbiol 58 3020-3026. 

It has been shown that pure cultures of bacteria under anaerobic denitrifying conditions may produce benzylsuccinate as a metabolite of toluene (Evans et al. 1992 Migaud et al. 1996 Beller et al. 1996). Demonstration of this and the corresponding methylbenzyl succinates from xylenes has been used to demonstrate metabolism of toluene and xylene in an anaerobic aquifer (Beller et al. 1995, 2002). 

Sonier DN, NLDuran, GB Smith (1994) Dechlorination of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) by sulfate-reducing bacteria from an aquifer contaminated with halogenated aliphatic compounds. Appl Environ Microbiol 60 4567-4572. 

Erwin DP, IK Erickson, ME Delwiche, FS Colwell, JL Strap, RL Crawford (2005) Diversity of oxygenase genes from methane- and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the Eastern Snake River plain aquifer. Appl... 

Hess A, B Zarda, D Hahn, A Haner, D Stax, P Hohener, J Zeyer (1997) In situ analysis of denitrifying toluene-and m-xylene-degrading bacteria in a diesel fuel-contaminated laboratory aquifer column. Appl Environ Microbiol 63 2136-2141. 

Olson, G.J.H., Dockins, W.C., McFeters, G.A., and Iverson, W.P., Sulphate-reducing and methanogenic bacteria from deep aquifers in Montana, Geomicrobial. J., 2, 327-340, 1981. 

The two functional groups of microbes in the aquifer, the sulfate reducing bacteria and methanogens, are present initially in small amounts, just 10-6 mg kg-1, but their populations can grow as they derive energy by metabolizing the acetate. 

Figures 33.3-33.4 show the results at the end of the simulation, after groundwater composition and microbial activity across the aquifer have approached steady state. Once the sulfate initially present is consumed or flushed from the aquifer, the only source of sulfate is in the recharging groundwater. With time in the simulation, sulfate reducing bacteria grow into a community that consumes sulfate from the recharging groundwater and some of the acetate diffusing into the aquifer the acetate and sulfate are consumed in equal molar proportions, according to Reac-...

Sulfate reducing bacteria exclude methanogens completely from the upstream portion of the aquifer in an interesting way they hold acetate concentration to a level at which acetoclastis proceeds at a rate insufficient to allow methanogens... 

For biodegradation to occur, everything that bacteria require for growth and reproduction must be available in the microenvironment in the immediate vicinity of the bacterium. The soil-aquifer system must provide water, attachment medium, a source of carbon, gas exchange, electron acceptor compounds, and nutrients. If any of the required items is not available, bacterial functions will be reduced or cease. 

In some undisturbed subsurface systems, an equilibrium is established. Bacteria have acclimated to food sources, water availability, and electron acceptor types. The number and variety of microbial cells are balanced in this system. If the system is aerobic, the microbial activity continues at the rate of oxygen resupply. If the system is anaerobic, the rate of activity cannot exceed the accessibility of alternate electron acceptors. Generally, the subsurface (lower than the plant root zone) is relatively deficient in available carbon and electron acceptors. Under these normal semi-equilibrium conditions, a soil or aquifer system can consume organic materials within a reasonable range. When a chemical release is introduced into a well-established soil system, the system must change to react to this new energy source. The bacterial balance readjusts, in an effort to acclimate to the new carbon source. 

Significant activation occurs during the microbial metabolism of trichloroethylene (TCE). This compound was once widely used and now represents a major contaminant of many aquifers. Because TCE is metabolized by many bacteria, its elimination by bioremediation is being actively pursued. However, a major product frequently encountered is vinyl chloride, a potent carcinogen ... 

Kotelnikova S, Pedersen K. 1997. Evidence for methanogenic Archaea and homoacetogenic Bacteria in deep granitic rock aquifers. EEMS Microbiol Rev 20 339 9. 

Figure 6. Remote sensing of light emission from naphthalene degradative bioluminescent reporter bacteria in sandy aquifer lab simulation. (Y axis, relative light output ...

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