Aquarium technique

The "Aquarium Technique as a Pressure Gage Single Shot Results for Ten Explosives (All Charges d=7.2cm, L 11.4cm)... 

Briefly, the method consists of application of the "aquarium technique for mea-... 

The streak camera viewed the chge upward thru a periscope in which the line of sight was reflected to a horizontal direction by a front surface mirror. Measurements of the peak pressures by the aquarium technique were found to be the C-J or detonation pressures of the thermohydrodynamic theory... 

Detonation, Water Plexiglos Induced Shock Wove Velocity in. Cook et al (Ref 2) applied the "aquarium technique in the exptl detn of the equation of state for water Lucire. The results for water are compared with similar results by other methods. Measurements of the peak pressures in the deton wave are presented for RDX, RDX/salt, TNT HBX-1. Peak pressures were found to be the CJ or deton pressures of the thermohydro-dynamic theory. There was no evidence whatever for the "spike of the Zel dovich-von Neumann model even though conditions were such that this spike would have been detected by the method employed if it were present, at lease in the large diam, nonideal expls of max reaction zone length Refs.T) C. Fauquignon, CR 251, 38 (I960) 2) M, A. Cook et al, JAppl... 

AN 73-75, NG gel 5-6, cellulose 3—5 other ingredients 14—9%. Detonation Velocity 3490m/s at density 1.0 Detonation Pressure (experimental) 42.3kbar, while the calculated value is 33kbar Ref K. Sassa I. Ito, Studies of Detonation Pressure Using Aquarium Technique , Kogyo-KayakuKyokaishi 32, No 6 (Nov—Dec 1971). 

IJSW is determined experimentally by the Aquarium Technique and then, l/pw is calculated by substituting the values of Usw, a and h in Equation 3.14 ... 

Rigdon, J.K., and Akst, J.B An Analysis of the Aquarium Technique as a Precision Detonation Pressure Measuremrait Gauge, Proc. 5th Symposium (International) on Detonation, Pasadena, 1970, pp. 59-65. 

Wang, W., De-Yand, D., Yun-Xlang, Y., and Xluny Zeng, X., "Effects of Charge Diameter on Detonation. Pressure Measured by Aquarium Technique," Lanzhou Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Lanzhou,... 

For Comp B of slightly lower density, Jameson and Hawkins (Ref 4) measured 266 Pq 1 284 kbar using a shock transmission technique. The aquarium method of Rigdon and Akst (Ref 6) gave 294< PCJ- 304kbar for a Comp B of slightly higher density than that of Ref 3. Clearly K. am let s complaint is well justified, since measured PCJ for Comp B vary from 266 to 312 kbar ... 

If a water jet impinges on a water surface, it entrains gas bubbles into it. This gassing technique is occasionally used in small aquariums, it not being suitable for... 

The other group of methods includes those that are based on the registration of the state originated after the shock wave reflection from a barrier. For instance, the detonation pressure m be determined on the basis of the measurement of a thin metal plate firee-surface velocity. The plate free-surface velocity can be determined using optical methods or the electrocontact type of probes and oscilloscope technique. The methods based on the determination of the shock wave velocity through an inert material, e.g., the Aquarium test, are also included in this group. The time resolution of these methods may be on a nanoseconds scale, and even less than a nanosecond, e.g., w en laser interferometry technique is used. Since the processes in the shock fi-ont occur on a nanosecond scale, the present-day techniques are still inadequate to study the detonation wave shock front. 

The determination of the detonation wave parameters and its structure on the basis of the determination of the shock wave velocity in an inert and optically transparent material using a laser follows the same principles as in the case of the aquarium test. However, if compared to the standard aquarium test, it is characterised by a better time resolution, on a nanosecond scale. Thus, this technique allows the study of the detonation wave structure, i.e., the chemical reaction zone width and the duration time (Ashaev et al., 1988). 

Several modifications of the basic arrangement have been reported, especially in regard to the adaptation of the technique to the instructional laboratory. These involve inexpensive pressure control valves, use of an aquarium "vibrator" air pump, and adapting a balloon reservoir to supply the pressurized gas. 

Rectification based on properties of a fluid jet is a very old technique but used to be mostly applied in devices of little importance, such as aquarium ventilators, coolers or humidifiers, where the dominant requirement was low cost. Sometimes the decisive factor for their use was the fact that inertia of moving parts in mechanotluidic diodes prevents them from operation at the fi-equency of AC mains (also wear of contacting moving components would be too rapid at this fi equency). Typically, descriptions in the literature are missing as the designers (and usu-... 

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