Applications standby, secondary

The first part of this book (Chapters 2 to 14) concerns batteries of larger capacities that are employed as standby batteries in stationary applications, provide energy in vehicles like forklift trucks, or stabilize an electrical network like the starter battery in motor cars. Rechargeable batteries usually are the choice in such applications, since primary batteries would be too expensive for the required rather high capacity. The second part (Chapters 15 to 19) regards batteries mainly in portable applications and concerns smaller capacities. In this field primary as well as secondary batteries are employed. 

The cost of a secondary battery may be evaluated on several bases, depending on the mode of operation. The initial cost is one of the bases for consideration. Other factors are the number of charge-discharge cycles that are available, or the number delivered in an application, during a battery s lifetime, or the cost determined on a dollar-per-cycle or dollar-per-total-kilowatt-hour basis. The cost of charging, maintenance, and associated equipment may also have to be considered in this evaluation. See Sec. 6.4.3. In an emergency standby service or SLI-type application, the important factors may be the calendar life of the battery (rather than as cycle life) and the cost is evaluated on a dollar-per-operating-year basis. 

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