Applications sealed, secondary

Secondary Cells and Batteries Containing Alkaline or Other Non-acid Electrolytes - Safety Requirements for Portable Sealed Secondary Cells, and for Batteries Made from Them, for Use in Portable Applications, lEC 62133 Edition 1.0. 

The worldwide secondary battery market is now approximately 20 bilhon annually. A world perspective of the use of secondary hatteries by application is presented in Table 22.1. The lead-acid battery is by far the most popular, with the SLI battery accounting for a major share of the market. This share is declining gradually, due to increasing apphcations for other types of batteries. The market share of the alkaline battery systems is about 25%. A major growth area has been the non-automotive consumer applications for small secondary batteries. Lithium ion batteries have emerged in the last decade to capture a 50% share of the market for small sealed consumer hatteries, as indicated in Table 22.1. The typical characteristics and applications of secondary batteries are summarized in Table 22.2. 

The two-part silicones are used in aircraft and electrical potting and encapsulation. Industrial and construction applications include secondary seals for high performance insulating glass units and structural glazing, respectively. 

The majority of larger industrial burners, including furnace and boiler applications, are of the forced-draft type. These employ a combustion air fan to provide all the air needed for complete combustion. The burners are usually sealed into the combustion chamber so that there is no access to secondary air from the atmosphere as with natural-draft burners. Forced-draft burners may be of the premix type, where air and gas are mixed prior to the burner, or, more commonly, of the nozzle mix type, where the mixing takes place within the burner. 

The manufacture of secondary batteries based on aqueous electrolytes forms a major part of the world electrochemical industry. Of this sector, the lead-acid system (and in particular SLI power sources), as described in the last chapter, is by far the most important component, but secondary alkaline cells form a significant and distinct commercial market. They are more expensive, but are particularly suited for consumer products which have relatively low capacity requirements. They are also used where good low temperature characteristics, robustness and low maintenance are important, such as in aircraft applications. Until recently the secondary alkaline industry has been dominated by the cadmium-nickel oxide ( nickel-cadmium ) cell, but two new systems are making major inroads, and may eventually displace the cadmium-nickel oxide cell - at least in the sealed cell market. These are the so-called nickel-metal hydride cell and the rechargeable zinc-manganese dioxide cell. There are also a group of important but more specialized alkaline cell systems which are in use or are under further development for traction, submarine and other applications. 

Test Method for Staining of Porous Substances by Joint Sealants Guide for Secondary Seal for Sealed Insulating Glass Units for Structural Sealant Glazing Applications... 

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