Applications of organic electronics

In summary, we can say that organic semiconductors have demonstrated sufficiently high mobilities and on/off ratios so that organic transistors can be applied to the production of circuits, at least in certain cases. Their fabrication, even on an industrial scale, is relatively simple [24], [25], and even complex circuits have already been produced. However, major efforts wiU still be required in order to elucidate the central materials questions and to further improve the chances for applications of organic electronic circuits. A problem of decisive importance is also, as with all appHcations of organic materials, their stability over longer times. 

The organic field effect transistor (OFET) acts essentially as an electronic valve by modulating the semiconductor channel conductance via the gate field. This device is essential in all electronic applications, including integrated circuits for memories and sensors and also to drive individual pixels in active matrix displays. Probably one of the most exciting applications of organic electronic circuits is in the supply chain area, where radiofrequency-powered elements (e.g. RFID tag) may replace ID barcodes for identification and be applicable as a backplane drive for displays. 

The years from 1923 to 1938 were relatively unproductive for G. N. Lewis insofar as his own research was concerned. The applications of the electron-pair bond came largely in the areas of organic and quantum chemistry in neither of these fields did Lewis feel at home. In the early 1930s. he published a series of relatively minor papers dealing with the properties of deuterium. Then in 1939 he began to publish in the field of photochemistry. Of approximately 20 papers in this area, several were of fundamental importance, comparable in quality to the best work of his early years. Retired officially in 1945, Lewis died a year later while carrying out an experiment on fluorescence. 

Moreover, the conductivity, and hence the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, has been observed to influence the stability of the oxygen electrode. The stability of phthalocyanine catalysts is a decisive factor for the practical applicability of organic catalysts in fuel cells operating in an acid medium. This is therefore a very important observation. The observed disturbance of the delocalization of the n electrons (rubiconjugation) in Fe-polyphthalocyanines, in addition to the correlation between conductivity on the one hand, and electrocatalysis and catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide on the other, leads to a special model of the electroreduction of oxygen on phthalocyanines. The model... 

Hammett s view of the scope of the subject is summarized in the rarely mentioned sub-title of his book Reaction Rates, Equilibria, and Mechanisms . His conception of the subject still defines its core, but requires amplifying certain other topics are now usually deemed part of physical organic chemistry. Thus the rationalization of the experimental results of studies of reaction rates, equilibria, and mechanisms involves the application of the electronic theory of the structures and reactions of organic molecules, either in its early forms as developed by Robinson, Ingold, and others on the basis of the electron-pair covalent bond, or in its later forms involving quantum mechanical treatments. 

The recent description of the construction of a solid state photocell [145] based on order attained via a columnar mesophase of a liquid crystalline porphyrin [146] represents one application of photoinduced electron transfer within organized media which may prove to be fruitful in the future in the burgeoning area of molecular electronics. 

Organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD) was invented by S. Forrest at Princeton University to transfer all the benefits of the gas phase process to applications in organic electronics. OVPD technology has the potential to overcome the limitations of VTE, similar to the replacement of MBE by MOCVD. 

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