Application-oriented sensing techniques

Traditionally, thin-film deposition techniques have been related to the semiconductor industry and not to the biomedical sector. This is mainly due to the extreme conditions generally required for the material deposition process and their lack of compatibility with biological systems. However, the interdisciplinary characteristics of biosensors and POC devices has opened an entirely new range of applications for these techniques, mainly orientated towards the fabrication of platforms that can be employed as both the transducer for the sensing process and the support for the immobilization of the recognition molecule (Lin and Yan, 2012 Ceylan Koydemir et al., 2013). 

Some of the factors involved in choosing a particular nondestructive evaluation technique are the primary reason or objective, the type of flaw to be detected, the size and orientation of the flaw, the location of the flaw in the sample, the size and shape of the sample and the nature of the sample. It is also necessary to know the type of flaws that are acceptable or unacceptable in the sense that flaws may be deleterious or nondeleter-ious. The size, type, orientation and location of the flaws determine whether they are acceptable or unacceptable as per the code, or standard given by American Society of Mechanical Engineers Pressure Vessel Code, American Welding Society Structural Welding Code or any other applicable code or standard. 

Use of pheromones in a contrary sense is also knovra. The male confusion technique involves essentially the inhibition of the orientation between sexes by the application of a high concentration of a natural pheromone. From this, the male inhibition technique differs only insofar as a synthetic derivative with a structure different from that of the natural pheromone, such as the inactive stereoisomer thereof, is spread, so that the male response to the natural pheromone is suppressed. 

The CVD growth technique was the first used to grow carbon nanotube networks for sensing applications. SWNT networks are typically grown on silicon wafer substrates due to this substrates tolerance to high temperatures. The CVD has proved to be an excellent way to grow randomly oriented networks of carbon nanotubes. Various conditions such as catalysts, temperature, and growth of time may be varied in order to achieve desired network properties. 

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