Male confusion technique

Three approaches in Ihe use of pheromones have appeared in the literature i I I use of traps haiteil with sexual atiriieiant material as a means lor monitoring the infestation of areas with select insects 12) similar use of traps, except on a massive scale, to attrael males (female sex pheromone used as bait) and to) "male confusion" technique, in which female sex pheromone is permeated in ihe air. frustrating the attempts of males to locale females. 

Use of pheromones in a contrary sense is also knovra. The male confusion technique involves essentially the inhibition of the orientation between sexes by the application of a high concentration of a natural pheromone. From this, the male inhibition technique differs only insofar as a synthetic derivative with a structure different from that of the natural pheromone, such as the inactive stereoisomer thereof, is spread, so that the male response to the natural pheromone is suppressed. 

Volatile solvent abuse or glue sniffing, is common among teenagers, especially males. The success of the modem chemical industry provides easy access to these substances as adhesives, dry cleaners, air fresheners, deodorants, aerosols and other products. Various techniques of administration are employed viscous products may be inhaled from a plastic bag, liquids from a handkerchief or plastic bottle. The immediate euphoriant and excitatory effects are replaced by confusion, hallucinations and delusions as the dose is increased. Chronic abusers, notably of toluene, develop peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar disease and dementia damage to the kidney, liver, heart and limgs also occurs with solvents. Over 50% of deaths from the practice follow cardiac arrhythmia, probably caused by sensitisation of the myocardium to catecholamines and by vagal inhibition... 

Mating disruption method This pest management technique interferes directly with the communication system between the male and female, and has demonstrated successes for more than 25 years. By means of exposure to an extensive cloud of pheromone, the male insects are confused. They can no longer locate their mate, which reduces the population of the next... 

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