Application impregnated carbon

Wagner, R. A., V. J. Krukonis, and M. P. Coffey. 1988. A novel impregnation process application to carbon/carbon composites. Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 9 957. 

Depending on the final application of carbon materials, very different properties and structures on different length scales need to be analyzed in detail using the aforementioned methods and, most favorably, a combination of them. A systematic Raman, TEM, SEM, NEXAFS, and EPR study of various carbon materials for impregnation into carbon felts used as positive electrode in all-vanadium redox flow batteries is given by Melke et al. [14]. 

The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials in the reinforcement of concrete structures has shown important results. These interventions are based on the application of carbon fiber, glass, or aramid impregnated with thermosetting polymers. The effectiveness of these interventions is demonstrated both by extensive research in the laboratory and by applications to existing structures. 

Wilson et al. [3] showed that pultrusion is also applicable to other high-performance thermoplastics, in particular, amorphous polyetherimide (PEI). In this case, a wet-impregnation station for impregnating carbon fiber bundles with a PEI solution was put in line with a die system that was designed to consolidate multiple plies of prepreg tape by gradual reduction into rectangular profiles. 

In industrial applications activated carbons are used as supports for precious metal and metal oxide catalysts. These catalysts can be prepared by adsorption from solution, impregnation, precipitation and other techniques as gas phase deposition [4]. The most common way of preparation is adsorption and impregnation by bringing the activated carbon in contact with a solution of the desired metal compound or with a solution of a metal precursor, in most times a complex salt. Then the impregnated activated carbon is dried. Reduction is carried out when the metal precursor has to be transformed in the metal. Important quality criteria are ... 

The subject area of activated carbon was by now a significant technology in several industries where the applications of carbons, prepared by thermal (as well as chemical activation) were of fundamental importance. This handbook provided a chapter (summary) of aspects which must be considered in discussions of the use of activated carbon. The chapter contains an Introduction, Production Methods, Precursors, Physical (Thermal) Activation, Chemical Activation, Combined Activations, Carbon Molecular Sieves, Activated Carbon Fibers and Cloths, Pelletized Activated Carbons, Washed, Treated and Impregnated Activated Carbon, as well as a section covering industrial production and applications. As such, this chapter is a substantial reference document and will remain so for some considerable time (Rodriguez-Reinoso, 2002). 

It is of special interest for many applications to consider adsorption of fiuids in matrices in the framework of models which include electrostatic forces. These systems are relevant, for example, to colloidal chemistry. On the other hand, electrodes made of specially treated carbon particles and impregnated by electrolyte solutions are very promising devices for practical applications. Only a few attempts have been undertaken to solve models with electrostatic forces, those have been restricted, moreover, to ionic fiuids with Coulomb interactions. We would hke to mention in advance that it is clear, at present, how to obtain the structural properties of ionic fiuids adsorbed in disordered charged matrices. Other systems with higher-order multipole interactions have not been studied so far. Thermodynamics of these systems, and, in particular, peculiarities of phase transitions, is the issue which is practically unsolved, in spite of its great importance. This part of our chapter is based on recent works from our laboratory [37,38]. 

Controlled cutting and opening of closed carbon systems Direct applications of CNTs (requires 20-100 nm in length) Inner filling and impregnation of CNTs with metal nanoparticles and complexes... 

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