Apparatus, schematic

Fig. 23. Schematic diagram of the 4-roll mill apparatus. Schematic representation of the flow field within the mill illustrating the deformation of a fluid element [35]...

One of the most sophisticated techniques in the study of the dynamics of ion—molecule reactions is the simultaneous measurement of the velocity and angular distributions using beams for both reactant ions and neutrals (crossed beams). Herman et al. [103] developed such an apparatus in which the neutral reactant is formed into a pulsed molecular beam at 55°C. Figure 8 shows their apparatus schematically. The ion beam intersects the molecular beam at a fixed 90° angle in a carefully screened field-free region (D). Ions from the collision zone pass through an energy analyser (F), a 60°-sector mass spectrometer (G) and are detected by an... 

The problem was solved by J.L. Soret in 1872 using the apparatus schematically depicted in Figure 280. The solution in the concentric vessel on the left-hand side of Soret s apparatus contains dilute sulfuric acid or copper sulfate with a wire... 

Details of the instrumentation have been published elsewhere [34,35]. In brief, fluorescence experiments are performed on biomolecules stored in a home-built quadrupole ion trap by exposing the ions to laser excitation as shown in the apparatus schematic of Figure 7.14. Combined measurements of fluorescence intensity,... 

Fig. 3. Experimental apparatus schematic view of (a) the dual frequency MW-RF plasma system (after ref. 9), (b) the corona treatment system. (After ref. 67).

An example of the latter has been the study of the reactions Cl + RH HCl + R (R = aliphatic radical), carried out in the crossed-beam apparatus schematically shown in Figure 23.12 (Ahmed etal., 2000). 

Figures 11(a) and 11(b) show the rotational and vibrational temperatures, respectively, determined from the INS spectrum observed in the same discharge apparatus schematically...

Figure 6.6 Steady-state fluorescence apparatus (schematic).

Isothermal measurements of hydraulic permeability at various temperatures were performed with the simple apparatus schematically represented in fig. 2. It essentially consists of a permeability cell (P.C.), a reservoir (R) containing distilled water, both kept at the same constant temperature T by the bath (TB), from which the thermostating fluid is circulated through circulation pump (C.P.). 

The apparatus schematically presented in Fig. 1 is designed for two complementary measurements ... 

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