Schematic representation of apparatus

Fig. 4. Schematic representation of apparatus for plasma-graft polymerization (Reproduced with permission from Yamada et al., J Appl Polym Sci 60 1847 Copyright (1996) John Wiley Sons, Inc.)...

Bending beam theory calculation of elastic modulus, 361-362 calculation of glass temperature, 362 calculation of thermal expansion coefficient, 362 layer stress determination, 361 Benzophenone-3,3, 4,4 -tetracarboxydi-anhydride-oxydianiline-m-phenylenediamine (BTDA-ODA-MPDA) polyimide, properties, 115-116 Bilayer beam analysis schematic representation of apparatus, 346,348/ thermal stress, 346 Binary mixtures of polyamic acids curing, 116-124 exchange reactions, 115 Bis(benzocyclobutenes) heat evolved during polymerization vs. 

Schematic representation of apparatus for measuring osmotic pressure. The flow of solvent through the semipermeable membrane is followed by observing the movement of the meniscus in the flow indicator. The osmotic pressure n is the pressure that must be applied to the solution to stop the flow.

Figure 1.10 Schematic representation of apparatus determining (From Asphalt Institute MS-10, Soils Manual. Manual Series No. 10. Lexington, KY Asphalt Institute. With permission.)...

Fig. 2 Schematic representation of apparatus for the accelerated degradation test.

Figure 1. Schematic representation of apparatus and actual dimensions. The numbers indicate (1) metallic holding frame (2) semicells (3) porous septum (4) thermocouples (5) motor, shaft and propeller (6) Vertex ...

Figure B2.5.5. Schematic representation of a shock-tube apparatus. The diapliragm d separates the high-...

A schematic representation of a PR apparatus is shown in Figure 2. In PR a pump beam (laser or other light source) chopped at frequency 2 creates photo-injected electron-hole pairs that modulate the built-in electric field of the semiconductor. The photon energy of the pump beam must be larger than the lowest energy gap of the material. A typical pump beam for measurements at or below room temperature is a 5-mW He-Ne laser. (At elevated temperatures a more powerful pump must be employed.)... 

Fig. 26. Schematic representation of the degradation apparatus used in transient elongational flow (orifice diameter = 0,50 mm, reservoir diameter = 21.3 mm, course of the piston = 70 mm)...

Fig. 56. Schematic representation of the convergent flow apparatus < > = 180° (abrupt contraction), 14° or 5° (conical inlet)

A schematic representation of the apparatus used by Stern and Gerlach. In the experiment, a stream of atoms splits into two as it passes between the poles of a magnet. The atoms in one stream have an odd T electron, and those in the other an odd 1 electron. 

Fig. 23. Schematic diagram of the 4-roll mill apparatus. Schematic representation of the flow field within the mill illustrating the deformation of a fluid element [35]...

Schematic representation of an apparatus that measures the absorption spectrum of a gaseous element. The gas in the tube absorbs light at specific wavelengths, called lines, so the intensity of transmitted light is low at these particular wavelengths.

The chemical compositions of the isolated Au SR clusters were investigated by mass spectrometry [15,16,18, 22,32-35]. TEM was used to confirm that the species detected by the mass spectrometer represents the clusters in the sample. Figure 3a is a schematic representation of the top view of the mass spectrometer, which consists of five stages of differentially pumped vacuum chambers. The apparatus accommodates two t5 pes of ion sources, electrospray ionization (ESI) and laser-desorption ionization (EDI), and a time-of-flight (TOE) mass spectrometer with a reflectron. Details of the apparatus and the measurement protocols are described below. 

Figure 2.1 (a) A schematic representation of the apparatus employed in an electrocapillarity experiment, (b) A schematic representation of the mercury /electrolyte interface in an electro-capillarity experiment. The height of the mercury column, of mass m and density p. is h, the radius of the capillary is r, and the contact angle between the mercury and the capillary wall is 0. (c) A simplified schematic representation of the potential distribution across the metal/ electrolyte interface and across the platinum/electrolyte interface of an NHE reference electrode, (d) A plot of the surface tension of a mercury drop electrode in contact with I M HCI as a function of potential. The surface charge density, pM, on the mercury at any potential can be obtained as the slope of the curve at that potential. After Modern Electrochemistry, J O M. 

Figure 2.115 shows a schematic representation of the DEMS apparatus. In essence, the electrochemical cell is separated from a mass spectrometer by a porous, non-wetting PTFE membrane of very small pore size. The working electrode is then deposited as a porous metal layer on the thin... 

Figure 2. Schematic representation of the experimental apparatus used for measurement of the 7t-A curves of a thin film of PhDA2-8 molecules at the air/water interface.

Figure 3.6 Schematic representation of the bomb calorimeter for measuring the changes in internal energy that occur during combustion. The whole apparatus approximates to an adiabatic chamber, so we enclose it within a vacuum jacket (like a Dewar flask)...

Figure 5.8 Coffee is decaffeinated by constantly irrigating the ground beans with supercritical carbon dioxide schematic representation of a Soxhlet apparatus for removing caffeine from coffee...

Fig. 16.2 Schematic representation of cellular and artificial membrane nanotubes. (A) Two cells are connected by a tunneling nanotube (arrowhead) containing a bundle of filamentous actin (red line). N (grey), nucleus M (purple), mitochondrium ER (green), endoplasmic reticulum G (blue), Golgi apparatus. (B) Lipid nanotube connecting two lipid vesicles formed by pulling a membrane tether. (C) Membrane tether pulled from the plasma membrane of a cell (see Color Plates)...

Figure 4.6 Schematic representation of the apparatus required when monitoring a precipitation process via a potentiometric titration. The salt bridge is impregnated with a saturated solution of KNO3.

Figure 5.7. Schematic representation of a Joule-Thomson porous-plug experiment. The entire experimental apparatus is kept well insulated from the surroundings.

All these pol3nners were tested for biodegradation in the presence of soil micro-organisms. A conventional sandy loam was employed. Schematic representation of the degradation apparatus was shown in Figure II. 

Figure 1. A Schematic representation of the Entrained Flow Reactor apparatus.

Figure 1.14 Schematic representation of the modified Soxhiet chromatography apparatus [198].

This highly sensitive calorimeter needs to be connected to a sensitive volumetric system in order to determine accurately the amounts of gas or vapor adsorbed. A schematic representation of the whole assembly is shown in Figure 13.4 [147]. The volumetric determination of the adsorbed amount of gas is performed in a constant-volume vessel linked to a vacuum pump. The apparatus consists of two parts the measuring section equipped with a capacitance manometer, and the vessels section that includes the cells placed in the calorimeter (a sample cell in which the adsorbent solid is set, and an empty reference cell). 

Figure 3.6. Schematic representation of an apparatus for production of sublimation crystals in a horizontal arrangement. The total length is typically 400 mm. Adapted from Laudise et al, 1998.

Figure 3.15. Schematic representation of a horizontal hot-wall CVD apparatus.

A schematic representation of a laboratory apparatus for CDJP is given in Figure l.l.l. In principle, the reacting solutions are introduced into a constant temperature chamber at desired flow rates by means of peristaltic pumps. The predetermined volume of solutions in the reactor may contain stabilizing, reducing, or other agents, or it may be used to control the reaction pH. 

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