Apolipoprotein C-III

R, Fruchart J-C, Dallongeville J. Fibrates downregulate apolipoprotein C-III expression independent of induction of peroxisomal acyl coenzyme A oxidase. J Clin Invest 1995 95 705-712. 

Hertz, R., Bishara-Schieban, J., and Bar-Tana, J. (1995). Mode of action of peroxisome pro-liferators as hypolipidemic drugs. Suppression of apolipoprotein C-III. /. Biol. Chem. 270, 13470-13475. 

Fig. 4.5.10 Analysis of core-1 mucin type -linked glycans derived from apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III). Serum-derived ApoC-III from a control (lane 1, left) and a CDG-IIx patient (lane 2, right) was investigated by IEF followed by antibody staining with a polyclonal rabbit-a-human ApoC-III antibody. ApoC-IIfi ApoC-IIEand ApoC-III0 indicate the variability in the amount of sialic acid residues linked to ApoC-III...

Table 4.5.7 Running conditions for isoelectric focusing of apolipoprotein C-III...

Anisimov SV, Volkova MV, Lenskaya LV, Khavinson VK, Solovieva DV, Schwartz EI. Age-associated accumulation of the apolipoprotein C-III gene T-455C polymorphism C allele in a Russian population. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001 56 B27-B32. 

H28. Holdsworth, G., Stocks, J., Dodson, P., and Calton, D. J., An abnormal triglyceride-rich lipoprotein containing excess sialylated apolipoprotein C-III. ]. Clin. Invest. 69, 932-939 (1982). 

K9. Kashyap, M. L., Srivastava, L. S., Hynd, B. A., Gartside, P. S., and Perisutti, G., Quantitation of human apolipoprotein G-III and its subspecies by radioimmunoassay and analytical isoelectric focusing Abnormal plasma triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apolipoprotein C-III subspecie concentrations in hypertriglyceridemia. J. Lipid Res. 22, 800—810 (1981). 

VI. Vaith, P., Assmann, G., and Uhlenbruck, G., Characterization of the oligosaccharide side chain of apolipoprotein C-III from human plasma very low density lipoprotein. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 541, 234-240 (1978). 

The theory also predicts that the retention of a protein will be related to the nonpolar surface area of the sample. This prediction is supported by the observed retention time for the apolipoproteins C-I, C-II, and C-III on an alkylphenyl column in the presence of an acetonitrile gradient (Fig. 4). The observed elution order is consistent with the known polarity of these proteins, with the apolipoprotein of the greatest nonpolar surface areas being retained the longest (/J). The isomers of the apolipoprotein C-III differ in the sialic acid content (0-2 residues) of the carbohydrate chain attached to Thrj4. One would expect that the polar sialic acid residue would decrease the nonpolar surface area of the protein molecule. The observed elution order of these isomers (Fig. 4) can be seen to be consistent with the sialic acid content. 

Raspe, E., Duez, H., Gervois, P., Fievet, C., Fruchart, J. C., Bensnard, S., Mariani, J., Tedgui, A., and Staels, B. (2001) Transcriptional regulation of apolipoprotein C-III gene expression by the orphan nuclear receptor RORalpha. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 2865-2871. 

Apolipoprotein A-I Apolipoprotein A-II Apolipoprotein A-IV Apolipoprotein B-lOO Apolipoprotein B-48 Apolipoprotein C-I Apolipoprotein C-II Apolipoprotein C-III Apolipoprotein C-IV Apolipoprotein D Apolipoprotein E Apolipoprotein F Apolipoprotein H Apolipoprotein J (Clusterin) Apolipoprotein(a)... 

PUFAs of co-3 series have many pleiothropic metabolic effects as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-a). It is assumed that the activation of PPAR-a results in decrease of lipogenesis and secretion of a very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), further in growth of lipoprotein lipase activity and decrease of apolipoprotein C-III concentration, and on increased reverse transport of cholesterol (Gorton and Anderson, 2000 Olivieri et ah, 2003 Tvrzicka et ah, 2009). 

Tai, E.S. et al.. Polyunsaturated fatty acids interact with the PPARA-L162V polymorphism to affect plasma triglyceride and apolipoprotein C-III concentrations in the Framingham Heart Study, J. Nutr., 135, 397, 2005. 

Staels, B., Vu-Dac, N., Kosykh, V.A., Saladin, R., Fruchart, J.C, Dallongeville, J. Auwerx, J. 1995. J. Clin. Invest. 95 705-712. Fibrates downregulate apolipoprotein C-III expression independent of induction of peroxisomal acyl coenzyme A oxidase. A potential mechanism for the hypolipidemic induction action of frhrates. 

The detection of apolipoprotein contents in the bands is easily feasible by immunoprecipitation. The strips which contain the separated bands are simply incubated in monospecific antisera. Application of immunoprecipitation revealed that the majority of bands contain apolipoproteins A-I and A-II, although in differing ratios. A basic band contains the majority of apolipoprotein E while the acidic apolipoprotein C-III was found in the bands at the anodic end of the band pattern (Fig. 2) [14]. This distribution of apolipoproteins in HDL subfractions supports the assumption that the net surface charge of each particle is predominantly determined by its apolipoprotein constituents. 

As mentioned above, the large pore size of agarose also allows the subfractionation of VLDL. Upon isoelectric focusing of VLDL which had been isolated by ultracentrifugation, we found three groups of bands which differ in respect to density, Upid and apolipoprotein composition. Functional differences were seen after an oral fat load and upon heparin-induced lipolysis. Acidic subfractions rich in triglycerides and apolipoprotein C-III increased after the fat load and were apparently the preferred substrate for the action of heparin-released lipases (Fig. 3). 

This model leads to different specific activities in the different compartments. However, it is not possible to neglect the very quick exchanges between lipoproteins, which was not taken into account by Berman and his team. We tried to fit to the same model the data obtained after injection of labeled free apolipoprotein C-III [23]. A good fit was obtained for the radioactivity curves of HDL, VLDL, and IDL using parameter values in the same range as Berman, but with the necessary addition of three compartments, one for each type of Kpoprotein, called x, and applicable to the initial activity observed in HDL in Berman s experiments. These x values were so... 

Curry MD, McConathy WJ, Fesmire JD, Alaupovic P (1980) Quantitative determination of human apolipoprotein C-III by electroimmunoassay. Biochim Biophys Acta 617 503-513... 

Bukberg PR, Le N-A, Ginsberg HN, Gibson JC, Goldman LC, Brown WV (1983) Direct measurement of apolipoprotein C-III specific activity in I-labeled very low density lipoproteins using immunoaffi ty chromatography. J Lipid Res 24 1251-1260... 

Laggner, P., Gotto, A.M., and Morisett, J.D., 1979, Structure of the dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicle and the complex formed by its interaction with apolipoprotein C-III. X-ray small-angle scattering studies. Biochemistry, 18 164. 

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