Inductive action

Both reactions (1) and (2) in the scheme proceed via general PPFe3+OH/AlMgSi intermediating compound, which certainly is the transferring agent for the inductive action of the primary reaction to the secondary reaction. The determinant calculated by equation (2.17), which allows quantitative identification of an interaction between reactions, equals ... 

Another possibility is associated with formation of highly reactive complex which transfers the induction action of the primary reaction. 

The ratio -———- carries the main information about the induction action of the primary (MAcc])... 

The induction action of H202 on many reactions implemented in the temperature range 50-115 °C [32, 33] is well known. Free hydroxyl radicals can be generated in the radical polymerization of vinyl monomers using the Fenton reagent [34, 35],... 

Thus, the Chance complex [116,117] is the general highly active intermediate compound transmitting the inductive action of the primary reaction (6.17) to the conjugated secondary reaction (6.18), which is also indicated in the work [108],... 

The overall reactions (7.13) and (7.15) are implemented via general intermediate PPFe3+ OOH/AlSiMg, which is the transmitter of the induction action of the primary (catalase) reaction on the secondary (monooxygenase) one. The determinant equation ... 

Separate cues for settlement and metamorphosis are reported for a disparate group of invertebrates. Larvae of the barnacle-eating nudibranch Onchidoris bilamellata (frequently referred to as 0. fusca in the literature) settle from the water column in response to a water-soluble metabolite released by living barnacles, which are the prey of the adult nudibranchs.51 However, the larvae metamorphose only if they make surface contact with the shell of a barnacle, leading the authors to conclude that the metamorphic inducer is a chemical associated with the surfaces of barnacles. The settlement process is reversible and repeatable. Curiously, Chia and Koss51 reported that larvae of 0. bilamellata will metamorphose on contact with shells of dead barnacles only if they are in seawater conditioned by live barnacles. This observation seems to suggest that a single soluble metabolite induces behavioral settlement, but that metamorphosis requires the inductive action of both that same factor plus one or more others, associated with barnacle shells. 

Berthelot s observations are confirmed by the experiments of A. Slosse,2 who, by subjecting a mixture of 1 volume carbon monoxide and 2 volumes hydrogen to the induction action in an ozonizer, obtained a crystalline, fermentable sugar which could have been formed from formaldehyde and methyl alcohol— both of which can be shown to be present—by the further action of the discharge ... 

The first six systems listed in Table 1.8 show that the Tmax.(exotherm)-value of the epoxy/alifatic acid systems is related with the strength (pKa-value) of the acid used. The inductive action of the hydroxyl-group in hydroxypivalic acid, for example, causes a pKa-value decrease from 5.03 (pivalic acid) to 4.50 (hydroxypivalic acid). This difference results in a Tmax.(exotherm)-value decrease of 24°C. Subsequently, a still stronger acid, di-ethylmallonic acid (DEMA), was tried. 

Fig. (13). Inductive actions of notochord-derived Sonic hedgehog in the neural tube.

It is well known that the Mn+ ion has approximately the same radius as the A1+ ion. It is suggested that the crystal lattice of the alumina support exerts an inductive action on the manganese sufficient to cause a change of oxidation state. It might be said that the manganese oxide attempts to imitate the crystal structure of the support, even to the extent of changing oxidation state. The effect is somewhat related to the phenomenon of oriented overgrowth, and is reminiscent of a current theory of nucleoprotein synthesis. 

The specificity of combination between enzymes and substrates depend on the specific spacial scattering pattern of each related atoms of the active site. Substrate is required to have the matching shape which is adaptable to the structure of active site. Meanwhile, the shape of the active site could also change with combination of the substrate. A more complementary shape is formed with the substrate by induction action. 

Staels, B., Vu-Dac, N., Kosykh, V.A., Saladin, R., Fruchart, J.C, Dallongeville, J. Auwerx, J. 1995. J. Clin. Invest. 95 705-712. Fibrates downregulate apolipoprotein C-III expression independent of induction of peroxisomal acyl coenzyme A oxidase. A potential mechanism for the hypolipidemic induction action of frhrates. 

Fig. 57. The inductive action of purified neural (E 335/12) and mesodermal (E 351/5) inducing fractions either alone or in different combinations ranging from the ratio 1 1 to 50 1 n, number of cases (Tiede-mann, 1967)...

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