API American Petroleum

When petroleum occurs in a reservoir that allows the cmde material to be recovered by pumping operations as a free-flowing dark-to-light colored hquid, it is often referred to as conventional petroleum. In some oil fields, the downhole pressure is sufficient for recovery without the need for pumping. Heavy oil differs from conventional petroleum in that its flow properties are reduced and it is much more difficult to recover from the subsurface reservoir. These materials have a much higher viscosity and lower API (American Petroleum Institute) gravity than conventional petroleum, and primary recovery of these petroleum types usually requires thermal stimulation of the reservoir. 

Three frequently specified properties are density—specific gravity—API gravity, characterization factor, and sulfur content (2,6,7). The API (American Petroleum Institute) gravity is a measure of density or specific gravity (sp gr) ... 

Standard turboexpander-compressor sets designed and manufactured by competent manufactureres embody many of the reliability improvement and maintenance cost reduction features inherent in API (American Petroleum Institute) standards for other turbomachines. To achieve close compliance, however, the owner/purchasers must know their specific needs or requirements. Nevertheless, it may not be practical, feasible, or economically justified to achieve full compliance with API specifications, which were generally devised without giving thought to the peculiarities of turboexpanders and their sometimes differing operating environments. 

ABS—American Bureau of Shipping A ISC—American Institute of Steel Construction AISI—American Iron and Steel Institute ANSI—American National Standard Institute API—American Petroleum Institute ASA—American Standards Association ASTM—American Society for Testing and Materials AWS—American Welding Society... 

AHEM The Association of Hydraulic Equipment Manufacturers Limited, 192-198 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London SWIV IDX API American Petroleum Institute, 1271 Avenue... 

BDL, below detection limits NM, not meaningful. a API, American Petroleum Institute oil-water separator. b TEB, thermal emulsion breaker. c Approximate value. 

This method is particularly useful for identifying large leaks, although small leaks may also be noticed, particularly in tanks with metered dispensing pumps. Interested readers can refer to U.S. EPA5 and API (American Petroleum Institute)20 for detailed procedures of inventory checking for tanks with metered or nonmetered pumps. 

Figure 26.4 A typical API (American Petroleum Institute) separator.

API (American Petroleum Institute), 1972, The Migration of Petroleum Products in Soil and Groundwater, Principles and Counter-Measures. American Petroleum Institute, No. 4149. 

API (American Petroleum Institute) A trade association of firms engaged in all aspects of the U. S. petroleum industry including producers, refiners, marketers, and transporters. 

Again, this seems to be a rather nice application for computer technology. Even a good-quality programmable calculator can store a number of vapor-pressure curves. At least for hydrocarbons, equations for these curves can be extracted from the API (American Petroleum Institute) data book. Also, a programmable calculator can perform bubble-point and dew-point calculations, with over 10 components, without difficulty. 

API (American Petroleum Institute)—trade association of petro-... 

API = American Petroleum Institute API RP = API Recommended Practice API Std = API Standard... 

Lubricant requirements and specifications. The development of North American classification systems for the SAE began in 1911 on the basis of viscosity alone. In 1947, the API (American Petroleum Institute) developed a performance classification system for engine oils in terms of regular, premium and heavy duty lubricants. By 1952, the API and ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) further advanced the system to generally classify engine oils. In 1970, the TRIPARTITE of API, ASTM, and SAE was established to manage a completely new API classification system, see Fig. 2.12 (Haycock, 1993). 

---