Antiviral encephalomyocarditis

Li XL, Blackford JA, Hassel BA (1998b) RNase L mediates the antiviral effect of interferon through a selective reduction in viral RNA during encephalomyocarditis virus infection. J Virol 72 2752-2759... 

The 7-azabenzisoselenazol-3(27/)-ones (169) (Fig. 12), substituted at the 2-position with phenyl or alkyl groups, and the methiodides (170) were found in the antiviral assay to be strong inhibitors of cytopathic activity of herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1) and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), more potent than ebselen. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were in the range 0.4-6.0 pg mL 1, substantially lower than those when toxicity was observed. The vesicular stomatis virus (VSV) remained resistant toward tested compounds, except moderately active methiodide (171) [51, 271],... 

More recently, in the 1980s and 1990s new series of fused phenothiazine derivatives, the benzo[a,b or c]phenothiazines (BPHTs), were synthesized [3, 21 and references therein] and have received a great deal of attention, mainly because of their potential applications and their important biomedical properties [12-24]. Indeed, some BPHTs are coloured compounds and have been applied as polycyclic dyes or pigments for synthetic polymers, and also in optical recording media ([21] and references therein). Moreover, certain benzo [a or c]phenothiazine derivatives are potential anti-helmintics, possess an antiviral activity, for example inhibiting the multiplication of encephalomyocarditis viruses in tissue cultures ([21,22], and refer-... 

Thia-8-oxoguanosine 5-amino-3-p-D-ribofuranosylthiazolo[4,5- pyrimidine-2,7(3fJ,6.Ff)-dione, 59 [122970 40-5] synthesized by ICN Pharmaceuticals, (138) has shown broad-spectmm antiviral activity. 7-Thia-8-oxoguanosine, C10H12N4O6S, is highly active in mice and rats against Semliki Forest, San Angelo, benzi, rat corona, and encephalomyocarditis viruses when administered intraperitoneaUy before exposure to the vims (139). The compound was moderately effective in mice infected intraperitoneaUy with HSV-2 or intranasaUy with vesicular stomatitis vims. The mode of antiviral action of (59) in vivo may be due in part to the induction of interferon Ot (138). 

Anderson, S. L., Carton, J. M., Lou, J., Xing, L., and Rubin, B. Y. (1999). Interferon-induced guanylate binding protein-1 (GBP-1) mediates an antiviral effect against vesicular stomatitis virus and encephalomyocarditis virus. Virology 256, 8-14. 

A lyophylisate of the expressed sap of . purpurea in cultures of mice L-cells (clone 929) at a concentration of 10 ig/ml to 100 Llg/ml exhibited no direct antiviral activity against encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC virus) or vesicular-stomatitis-virus (VSV). An antiviral effect was only observed when the sap was added together with DEAR dextran. DEAE dextran itself showed no effect. The authors concluded an interferon-like activity [145]. By the colorimetric assay according to Finter and by the Plaque-Reduction-Assay it could be shown, that mice L-929 cells or HeLa cells became resistant for 24 h against influenza-, herpes- and vesicular-stomatitis-virus by 50-80%, when the cells were pretreated 4-6 h with 20 ig/ml of an . purpurea expressed sap preparation. Together with hyaluronidase, no effect was observed. The active component could not be inactivated by heat (60-80 C) [146]. 

A number of platimun polyamines were tested for antiviral activity in tumor cells.For instance, the polymer from tetrachloroplatinate and 2,6-diamino-3-nitroso-pyridine, 20a, which exhibited a cell differential ratio of 3.4, was tested at a concentration of 2.2 pg/mL on L929 cells infected with Encephalomyocarditis, EMC, virus, strain MM. A virus reduction of about 25% was seen. This is considered to be a moderate antivirial response. 

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