Antipsychotic drugs case study

All of the above trials were conducted in adults and, to the best of our knowledge, there are no trials of antipsychotic medication in children with psychoses and MR. To date there have been two double-blind trials of antipsychotic drugs in normal-IQ children and adolescents with schizophrenia, as well as several open-label trials (Ernst et al., 1999). The majority of these studies and case reports have demonstrated substantial reductions in schizophrenic symptoms. Given the lack of data on children and adolescents having both MR and schizophrenia, it seems that clinicians have little choice but to follow the standard of care applied with normal-IQ schizophrenic children, namely to use anti-... 

Alphs LD, Lee HS. Comparison of withdrawal of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs a case study. J Clin Psychiatry 1991 52 346-348. 

Whether diabetes is associated, and to what extent, with a particular antipsychotic drug or a particular type of antipsychotic drug is a matter of debate since the two most commonly used atypical antipsychotic drugs are risperidone and olanzapine, comparison of these two drugs has been a recent focus of attention. There are more case reports for clozapine and olanzapine, but the studies discussed below have reached conflicting results further information from clinical trials is needed. 

The data cut-off point for this study was 31 August 2000. Only incident cases of diabetes mellitus that resulted in intervention with antidiabetic drugs were selected and only patients taking antipsychotic drug... 

In a study of 1230 patients with initially unexplained cardiomyopathies, lithium was implicated in one case (114). Using a data-based mining Bayesian statistical approach to the WHO database of adverse reactions to examine antipsychotic drugs and heart muscle disorders, a significant association was found between lithium and cardiomyopathy, but not myocarditis (146). The authors acknowledged that further study is needed to determine if the association is causal. 

Zornberg GL, Jick H. Antipsychotic drug use and risk of first-time idiopathic venous thromboembolism a case-control study. Lancet 2000 356(9237) 1219-23. 

In a retrospective study of cases from the Jefferson County Coroner/Medical Examiners Office, Alabama, USA between January 1982 and December 2000 there were 101 deaths in patients in whom methadone was detected in the blood (35). Methadone was the sole intoxicant in 15 cases, with a mean concentration of 0.27 pg/ml. A benzodiazepine was the most frequently detected co-intoxicant in 60 of the 101 cases and the only co-intoxicant in another 30 cases. In 26 cases methadone had been taken with a range of non-benzodiazepine substances, including antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, antiepileptic drugs, and cocaine. The high... 

Endocrine A raised prolactin concentration occurs not uncommonly as an adverse effect of antipsychotic drugs but is less often associated with antidepressants. In a comprehensive review of case reports and prospective and retrospective studies, it was documented that all antidepressant classes, except mirtazapine, have been reported to cause hyperprolactinemia [2 ]. However, the findings were mostly derived from case reports and were inconsistent for individual agents within each antidepressant class. 

Parker C, Coupland C, Hippisley-Cox J. Antipsychotic drugs and risk of venous thromboembolism nested case-control study. BMJ 2010 341 c4245. 

The risks of diabetes with different antipsychotic drugs have been compared in a meta-analysis of 11 studies in people with schizophrenia or related disorders, including cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, and controlled trials [37 ]. The relative risk of diabetes in patients with schizophrenia taking one of the second-generation versus first-generation antipsychotic drugs was 1.3 (95% Cl = 1.1, 1.5). 

Musculoskeletal The association of a-adrenoceptor antagonists with fractures has been studied in a Korean case-control study using a health insurance database [105 ]. After adjustment for the use of other agents (5a-reductase inhibitors, antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, benzodiazepines, and calcium channel blockers) there was an increased risk of fractmes in patients taking doxazosin or tamsulosin, but not terazosin or alfuzosin. 

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