Antimony salts

Solutions of many antimony and bismuth salts hydrolyse when diluted the cationic species then present will usually form a precipitate with any anion present. Addition of the appropriate acid suppresses the hydrolysis, reverses the reaction and the precipitate dissolves. This reaction indicates the presence of a bismuth or an antimony salt. 

Antimony Oxide as a Primary Flame Retardant. Antimony oxide behaves as a condensed-phase flame retardant in cellulosic materials (2). It can be appHed by impregnating a fabric with a soluble antimony salt followed by a second treatment that precipitates antimony oxide in the fibers. When the treated fabric is exposed to a flame, the oxide reacts with the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose (qv) causing them to decompose endothermically. The decomposition products, water and char, cool the flame reactions while slowing the production and volatilization of flammable decomposition products (see Flaa retardants for textiles). 

More than 200 users annually consume over US 55 million of light stabilisers. IR absorbers (e.g. amine, antimony salt mixture) protect against IR radiation applicable in PC, PMMA, PVC, etc. 

The Book on antimony. Salt Lake City (UT) Paracelsus Research Society. 

Because of the strong hydrolysis property of antimony salt, it is very difficult to prepare antimony xanthate salt to obtain its IR spectrums. Therefore, the formation of antimony xanthate is difficult to be identified by the UV and FTIR analysis, which has been determined by using XPS. Finally, it can be concluded that the interaction mechanism between ethyl xanthate and jamesonite are attributed to the formation of lead and antimony xanthate on the surface in the light of flotation results, voltammogram measurement, UV and FTIR as well as XPS analyses. 

Antimony trichloride is used as a catalyst for polymerization, hydrocracking and chlorination reactions as a mordant and in the production of other antimony salts. Its solution is used as an analytical reagent for chloral, aromatics and vitamin A. 

Antimony trioxide is an amphoteric oxide, exhibiting both acidic and basic behavior. It dissolves in strong acids forming antimony salts e.g., reacts with aqueous hydrofluoric acid to form antimony trifluoride, SbFs. It reacts with strong alkalies to form antimonites, such as sodium or potassium anti-monites, NasSbOs or K38b03 ... 

In Refs. 10 and 11, aqueous NaiSiOs was added to SbCls in glacial acetic acid (SbCls hydrolyzes in water unless complexed or the solution is moderately acidic or strongly alkaline). A pH of ca. 3 was optimum below 2.5, adhesion was poor above 4, basic antimony salts precipitated. The solution was kept below room temperature to prevent rapid bulk precipitation. No XRD pattern was found for the as-deposited film, which was presumed to be amorphous. Annealing at 170°C crystallized the film, at least partly. The bandgap of the as-deposited film was reported to be 2.48 eV and that of the annealed film 1.76 eV. Photoconductivity was exhibited by the annealed film but not by the as-deposited one. 

Ammino-derivatives of Arsenic Salts, Antimony Salts, Bismuth Salts—Pyridino-bismuth Iodide. 

Antimony Thioarsenate.—When sodium orthothioarsenate is added to a solution of an antimonious salt, a brownish-yellow precipitate is produced.3... 

SWARTS REACTION. Fluorination of organic polyhalides with antimony trifluoride (or zinc and mercury fluorides) in the presence of a trace of a pentavalent antimony salt. 

Tests for mordants. The principal mordants may be detected by the method indicated on p. 473 for their detection in dyed woollen goods. As mordants for cotton goods use is made also of antimony salts and sometimes of nickel salts. If the method referred to is followed, antimony will be identified as sulphide when the hydrochloric acid solution of the disaggregated mass is treated with hydrogen sulphide nickel will be identified as sulphide, separated by the action of ammonium sulphide on the filtrate obtained after the treatment with ammonium chloride and ammonia. 

With goods mordanted with antimony salts, the platinum dish may be slightly attacked during the disaggregation of the ash. This inconvenience may be avoided by using the method given in the note on p. 474, when the presence of antimony is suspected. In this case, however, the undissolved part left after treatment with zinc and sulphuric acid should be acted on with aqua regia. 

From these experiments it is clear that, in the reaction of a poly-chloroparaffin with antimony trifluoride activated by a pentavalent antimony salt ... 

Hydrogen fluoride alone undergoes exchange reactions only with very reactive organic halides. However,. because it reacts with antimony chloride to form antimony fluoride and hydrogen chloride,34 it can be used to transform a large amount of organic halide to the fluoride with the aid of only small.amounts of antimony salts. This is the method used in industry for the preparation of dichlorodifluoromethane.34-36... 

Hexachlor6-3-fluoropropane (CHCI2CCI2CCI2F).30 In a 1-1. flask, a mixture of 1160 g. of 1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptachloropropane and 740 g. of antimony trifluorodichloride is vigorously stirred so that the temperar ture does not exceed 50°. After the mixture has cooled to 30°, it is slowly heated to 130-140° and maintained at this temperature for five hours. It is then cooled, poured into water, washed with hydrochloric acid—to remove antimony salts—then with water, anchdried. The yield is 907 g. of reaction product containing approximately 60 g. of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropane (b.p. 130°), 315 g. of 1,1,2,2,3-penta-chloro-3,3-difluoropropane (b.p. 168°), and 435 g. of 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexa-chloro-3-fluoropropane (b.p. 210°). 

Antimony salts in organic synthesis Ishihara, K. In Lewis Acids in Organic Synthesis-, Yamamoto, H., Ed. VCH-Verlag Weinheim, 2000 Vol. 2, Chapter 11, pp 523-541. 

Antimony has some definite cationic chemistry, but only in the trivalent state, the basic character of Sb205 being negligible. Cationic compounds of SbUI are mostly of the antimonyl ion, SbO+, although some of the Sb3+ ion, such as Sb SO, are known. Antimony salts readily form complexes with various acids in which the antimony forms the nucleus of an anion. 

Antimony(lll) fluoride, " antiinony(lll) fluoride activated with pentavalent antimony salts [anlimony(V) fluoride, antimony(V) chloride, antimony(V) bromide, or by the addition of bromine or chlorine to form pentavalent antimony salts in situ], SbFjX, and antimony(V) fluoride substitute active halogens. In general, antimony fluorides can substitute halogens in polyhalogenated compounds when more than one possible site of fluori-natioii is present, the following order of reactivity is observed (where X = Br or C ) ... 

SYNS ANTIMONY LACTATE. soUd (DOT) LACTIC ACID, ANTIMONY SALT PROPANOIC ACID, 2-HYDROXY-, TRIANHYDRIDE with ANTIMONIC ACID (H3Sb03) (9CI)... 

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