Antimony design

Although metallic antimony may be handled freely without danger, it is recommended that direct skin contact with antimony and its alloys be avoided. Properly designed exhaust ventilation systems and/or approved respirators are required for operations that create dusts or fumes. As with other heavy metals, orderly housekeeping practice and good personal hygiene are necessary to prevent ingestion of (or exposure to) antimony. 

Antimony tfioxide is currently designated as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC) and ACGIH (31). However, a chronic inhalation study, conducted by the Antimony Oxide Industry Association (AOIA), found no evidence of carcinogenicity (31,32). 

Antimony may enter the human body through the consumption of meats, vegetables, and seafood which all contain about 0.2—1.1 ppb antimony. Disposal of Antimony. Antimony and its compounds have been designated as priority pollutants by the EPA (35). As a result users, transporters, generators, and processors of antimony-containing material must comply with regulations of the Eederal Resource Conservative and Recovery Act (RCRA). 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Antimony (V) Chloride Antimony Perchloride Chemical Formula SbClj. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Diantimony Trioxide Exitelite Flowers of antimony Senarmontite Valentinite Weisspiessglanz Chemical Formula SbjOj. 

Twin City is the 10-aere site of a former U.S. Army ammunition produetion faeility. Attempted destruetion of oflf-spee or damaged ammunition eontaminated the soil with lead and other heavy metals ineluding antimony, eadmium, ehromium, eopper, mereury, and niekel. Soil deeontamination involved a new soil-washing and lead-leaehing teehnique designed to generate no waste streams. 

XII. Antimony Of various new papers on the crystal growth of SbSI, the one by Ishikawa et al. (425) is worth mentioning, since it describes a new device especially designed to avoid formation of hollows in vapor-grown crystals. 

The principles needed to design a polymer of low flammability are reasonably well understood and have been systematized by Van Krevelen (5). A number of methods have been found for modifying the structure of an inherently flammable polymer to make it respond better to conventional flame retardant systems. For example, extensive work by Pearce et al. at Polytechnic (38, 39) has demonstrated that incorporation of certain ring systems such as phthalide or fluorenone structures into a polymer can greatly increase char and thus flame resistance. Pearce, et al. also showed that increased char formation from polystyrene could be achieved by the introduction of chloromethyl groups on the aromatic rings, along with the addition of antimony oxide or zinc oxide to provide a latent Friedel-Crafts catalyst. 

Apparatus. The generator employed is shown in fig. 10. There are six important points. (1) The column. <4 is designed so that throttling is avoided it is at least 2 ft. long and surmounted by a reflux doublesurface water-condenser B. (2) A Perkin triangle (air-cooled), inserted between the down-condenser and the traps, enables any phosphorus oxychloride which distils to be removed. (3) It is convenient to have three traps, viz. C, ice and salt D, acetone and carbon dioxide E, liquid air. (4) The intermittent addition of the solid antimony trifluoride presents a problem. The mechanical solid feed... 

Figure S.2 shows a schematic diagram of the automatic hydride/vapour-generator system designed by P.S. Analytical. This has been widely used to determine hydrideforming elements, notably arsenic, selenium, bismuth, tellurium and antimony, in a wide range of sample types. To provide a wide range of analyses on a number of matrices the chemistry must be very well defined and consistent. Goulden and Brooksbank s automated continuous-flow system for the determination of selenium in waste water was improved by Dennis and Porter to lower the detection levels and increase relative precision [10, 11]. The system described by Stockwell [9] has been specifically developed in a commercial environment using the experience outlined by Dennis and Porter.

The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit value-time-weighted average (TLV-TWA) for antimony and compounds is 0.5mg/m as Sb antimony trioxide production is given an A2-suspected human carcinogen designation with no assigned TLV. 

The majority of amides (or imides) of arsenic, antimony and bismuth (collectively designated as of M ), have M in the - -3 oxidation state, although several examples of As and Sb amides or imides have been reported but only three papers have dealt with Bi compounds. The imides considered to be within the scope of this chapter are those having trivalent nitrogen as, for instance, in [As(p-NR)X]2. There are very few examples of As —N compounds, such as the bis(imido)arsenic(I) cation 1," and only one of a thermally stable... 

Elkins( 1950,279 4)ASTM Standards 1955,Part 2,pp 522—3> ASTM Designation B237-5 2(reapproved in 1955) 5)US Military Specification MIL—A—1084IB, 10 Sept 1958( Antimony, Technical) (For use in pyrotechnics)... 

It may be remarked here that the presence of silvor, notwithstanding the proportion may be so large as the one-fifth of the whole, does not materially alter tho external characters of the galena hut when silver is present iu that amount, other metals, such as antimony and bismuth, are also contained in the minoral in appreciable quantities. The richest silver-lead ore. is that found at Tamowitz in Silesia, which contains about a fifth of its whole weight of silver the usual proportion of this metal is, however, from 0.0001 to 0 003 per cent., and tho ore is designated by the Germans Weiegulligerz. 

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