Antimony chemistry

There are in the literature some interesting features of antimony chemistry, but which need some crystallographic confirmation, for example the reaction (34). This implies a two-... 

Tetraphenylbismuthonium diphenylbis(trifluoroacetato)bismuthate (equation 51)182 contains a distorted tetrahedral cation and an anion (69), the structure of which has been interpreted in terms of a stereochemically active lone pair. This appears to be the only four-coordinate trigonal bipyramidal bismuth structure established to date in antimony chemistry these types... 

E. Arsenic Monocycles That Have No Counterparts in Antimony Chemistry. 570... 

The chemistry of these cages has been thoroughly reviewed but it has not been extended to antimony chemistry. For these reasons it will not be discussed here in more detail. 

The best known and probably the most successful applications are the Bart reaction for the preparation of arylarsonic acids and the analogous Schmidt reaction in antimony chemistry. 

Ethylene glycol esterification of BHET is driven to completion by heating and removal of the water formed. PET is also formed using the same chemistry starting with dimethyl terephthalate [120-61-6] and ethylene glycol to form BHET also using an antimony oxide catalyst. 

Both antimony tribromide and antimony ttiiodide are prepared by reaction of the elements. Their chemistry is similar to that of SbCl in that they readily hydroly2e, form complex haUde ions, and form a wide variety of adducts with ethers, aldehydes, mercaptans, etc. They are soluble in carbon disulfide, acetone, and chloroform. There has been considerable interest in the compounds antimony bromide sulfide [14794-85-5] antimony iodide sulfide [13868-38-1] ISSb, and antimony iodide selenide [15513-79-8] with respect to their soHd-state properties, ferroelectricity, pyroelectricity, photoconduction, and dielectric polarization. 

C. A. McAulifee and A. G. Mackie Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1990, 350 pp. 

Examples of reactions that have been carried out in these antimony(III) ionic liquids include the cyclizations of l,2-bis-(9-anthryl)-ethane (Scheme 5.1-12) and 1,2-bis-(l-naphthyl)-ethane (Scheme 5.1-13). A more detailed review of antimony(III) chloride molten salt chemistry has been published by Pagni [4]. 

According to these previous studies, the most dominant dissolved states of Au and Ag in ore fluids are considered to be bisulfide and chloride complexes, depending on the chemistry of ore fluid (salinity, pH, redox state, etc.). However, very few experimental studies of Au solubility due to chloride complex and Ag solubility due to bisulfide complexes under hydrothermal conditions of interest here have been conducted. Thus, it is difficult to evaluate the effects of these important species on the Ag/Au of native gold and electrum. Other Au and Ag complexes with tellurium, selenium, bismuth, antimony, and arsenic may be stable in ore fluids but are not taken into account here due to the lack of thermochemical data. 

V. H. Aprahamian and D. G. Demopoulos, The Solution Chemistry and Solvent Extraction Behaviour of copper, iron, nickel, zinc, lead, tin, Ag, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, selenium and tellurium in Acid Chloride Solutions Reviewed from the Standpoint of PGM Refining, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, Vol. 14, p. 143,1995. 

Reglinski, J. Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth Blackie Academic Professional London 1998. 

The structural chemistry of some metal dithiocarbamates, i.e. systematics, coordination modes, crystal packing, and supramolecular self-assembly patterns of nickel, zinc, cadmium, mercury,363 organotin,364 and tellurium,365 366 complexes has been thoroughly analyzed and discussed in detail. Supramolecular self-assembly frequently occurs in non-transition heavier soft metal dithiocarbamates. Thus, lead(II),367 bismuth(III)368 zinc,369 cadmium,370 and (organo)mercury371 dithiocarbamates are associated through M- S secondary bonds, to form either dimeric supermolecules or chain-like supramolecular arrays. The arsenic(III)372 and antimony(III)373 dithiocarbamates are... 

Lloyd, D. Gosney, I., (Patai, S. Ed.) The Chemistry of Organic Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth Compounds, Wiley, Chichester, 1994. 

Tertiary stibines, R3Sb, are the most frequently used antimony ligands and the coordination chemistry of these donors to transition metals of the groups 3-12 and also to main group 13 and 15 elements has been reviewed several times, often together with other pnicogen ligands.1,2,6-8... 

Mixed organo antimony ligands with one or two electronegative groups have been only rarely used in transition metal chemistry. The resulting complexes belong to type 3 or 4 with -Sb coordination (Scheme 2). 

Other synthetic pathways for the preparation of group-13-element antimony compounds include dehydro- and dehalosilylation reactions of R2SbSiMe3 or Sb(SiMe3)3 with R MX or MX3 (R = SiMe3, t-Bu R = Me, Et, i-Bu M = Ga, In X = H, Cl).53 A review of the chemistry of these potential precursors for 13-15 semiconductors was recently published.55... 

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